SANAA
UREMBO NA USTAWI
UJANJA
UTAMADUNI NA HISTORIA
BURUDANI
MAZINGIRA
CHAKULA NA VINYWAJI
UHANDISI WA KINYUME
SAYANSI
MICHEZO
TEKNOLOJIA
VAZI
Iso-hexanes and Isopentane: Light Straight-Run Gasoline Isomerised over Platinum-Alumina with Hydrogen (Gulf, US 3,071,535)
The lightest straight-run gasoline is mostly straight-chain pentane and hexane, of low octane. Rearranged into their branched forms over a platinum catalyst with hydrogen, they become isopentane and iso-hexanes, high in both research and motor octane.
Result (Gulf's example, barrels per day): from 7,549 of light straight-run gasoline, 2,873 of isopentane and 2,792 of iso-hexanes, plus 1,796 of isoheptanes split off beforehand.
Source: Condrasky & Glazier, US 3,071,535 (Gulf, filed 1959). Not given: temperature, pressure, space velocity. Hydrogen and light hydrocarbons: fire risk. Picture drawn by Youblob.
Mtaalamu
1 day
Maagizo
1
1
Split off the isoheptanes
Split off the isoheptanes
Prefractionate the light straight-run gasoline (C5-190 °F, 7,549 barrels a day) to separate isoheptanes and heavier, 1,796, which go to hydrogen treating, from the C5-C6 paraffins.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Petroli nyepesi ya kunereka moja kwa moja7549 parts by volumeZana zinazohitajika:
Chombo cha kunereka kwa sehemu
Tangi la kuhifadhi mafuta2
2
Split the C5-C6 into pentane and hexane cuts
Split the C5-C6 into pentane and hexane cuts
Distil the C5-C6 fraction into a concentrated normal-pentane cut and a cut concentrated in normal hexane and methylpentanes.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Chombo cha kunereka kwa sehemu3
3
Isomerise each cut over platinum-alumina with hydrogen
Isomerise each cut over platinum-alumina with hydrogen
Isomerise the two cuts separately over a halogen-promoted platinum-alumina catalyst with hydrogen. Gulf uses off-gas from its platinum reformer, 360,000 cubic feet a day. Gulf gives no temperature or pressure.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Kichocheo cha platinamu cha reforming
Riakta ya mirija yenye kitanda kisichohamishika
Hidrojeni
Kipima Shinikizo
Kipima joto kali4
4
Fractionate and recycle the unconverted
Fractionate and recycle the unconverted
Fractionate the reactor effluent. Send unconverted normal pentane, normal hexane and methylpentanes back to the reactors. Keep the isopentane (2,873) and iso-hexanes (2,792) for blending; 156 goes to fuel gas.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Chombo cha kunereka kwa sehemuTangi la kuhifadhi mafutaVifaa
1- 7549 parts by volumeKishikilia Nafasi
Zana Zinazohitajika
7- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
Mchoro huu unatengeneza
Blueprint zinazohusiana
Blueprint hizi zinashiriki maarifa — mbinu, vifaa au kanuni
Heavy Gas Oil: the 620-1,050 °F Cut from Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation of Crude Oil (Gulf, US 3,071,535)
na Charlie
Viwandani
1
0
0
0
0
0
Hatari
Platinum Reforming Catalyst: 0.1 % Platinum and 1.5 % Fluorine on Alumina (Haensel, UOP, US 2,479,110)
na Charlie
Viwandani
4
0
0
0
0
0
Reformate: Straight-Run Naphtha over Platinum-Alumina-Fluorine Catalyst at 874 °F and 500 psi (Haensel, UOP, US 2,479,110)
na Charlie
Viwandani
3
0
0
0
0
0
CC0 Umma Wote
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