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Swinging-Tub Partition Churn: Rods to the Still Frame Flap the Dashers as the Hung Tub Swings
W. Kelly (USPTO drawing) · Public domain
Woody

Imeundwa na

Woody

9. Novemba 2026NO
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Swinging-Tub Partition Churn: Rods to the Still Frame Flap the Dashers as the Hung Tub Swings

William Kelly of Hastings, Michigan, received US 24,127, dated 24 May 1859, for a vibrating churn. The tub hangs by straps from studs on a frame and is swung by its handles. A slide partition divides it in two; a dasher is hinged to each side of the partition, and a rod from each dasher's middle hooks onto the still frame. As the tub swings, the rods make the dashers flap, driving the cream against the partition and through openings at its foot from one side to the other. Holes in the dashers, and channels down through the partition, let air into the cream. This rung builds it with a 20-litre bucket hung on its side in a timber frame.
Kati
About 1 day, plus printing

Maagizo

1

How the dashers flap

Inapakia daftari la Jupyter…
2

Swinging to work two dashers, before it

Merrill swung a pendulum beside the churn. Kelly swings the tub itself, and the still frame works the dashers.
3

Read US 24,127

"... as the dasher draws near the partition, the space is vacated by the cream passing out through the openings h h h in the partition D alternately from one apartment to the other."
4

Print the guide

A groove for the partition's edge. Print two. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.
Faili ya UsanifuSTLCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
5

Print the box f

A journal box for a dasher. Print four. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.
Faili ya UsanifuSTLCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
6

Frame

From 40 x 40 mm timber cut two rails A 640 mm long, four legs splayed from 150 mm either side of a rail's middle to 360 mm out at the floor, and two stretchers 440 mm long. Screw the legs to the rails' ends so the rails stand 580-620 mm up, 480 mm apart, and screw the stretchers between the leg pairs 130 mm up. Screw two cross pieces B 520 x 40 x 30 mm across the rails' tops 220 mm apart, and an eye bolt (staple g) under each at its middle. Put an M12 bolt through each rail's middle, pointing in, as the studs c.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Mbao laini za 70x70 mmMbao laini za 70x70 mm4 vipande
Parafujo ya mbao #10 x 3"Parafujo ya mbao #10 x 3"24 vipande
Bolti yenye jichoBolti yenye jicho2 vipande
Mkusanyiko wa bolti za pembe sitaMkusanyiko wa bolti za pembe sita2 vipande
Washa bapaWasha bapa4 vipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa mkonoMsumeno wa mkono
Kipima-pembeKipima-pembe
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Spana inayoweza kurekebishwaSpana inayoweza kurekebishwa
Tepi ya kupimiaTepi ya kupimia
7

Tub C and cover I

Lay a food-grade 20-litre bucket on its side, its lid snapped on. Cut away its wall above a level 100 mm over its axis to open the top, and file the edge smooth. Screw a flat-bar strap 30 x 6 mm to the middle of the bottom and of the lid, rising to 180 mm above the axis, each drilled 13 mm at the top to hook on a stud. Glue a guide upright in the middle of the bottom and of the lid, inside. Screw a hardwood foot G under the bucket and a hardwood handle H on each side at axis height. Cut a plywood cover I 340 x 250 mm with a slot 78 x 24 mm each side of the middle.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Ndoo ya Lita 20Ndoo ya Lita 201 kipande
Pau Bapa la Chuma LainiPau Bapa la Chuma Laini1 kipande
Skrubu za mashineSkrubu za mashine8 vipande
Nati ya Kufungasha yenye NailoniNati ya Kufungasha yenye Nailoni8 vipande
Uzi wa PETGUzi wa PETG1 kipande
Ubao wa Mti MgumuUbao wa Mti Mgumu1 kipande
Parafujo za mbaoParafujo za mbao6 vipande
Bati la mbao za kubandikaBati la mbao za kubandika1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Printa ya 3D ya nyuzi (FDM)Printa ya 3D ya nyuzi (FDM)
Msumeno wa KupindaMsumeno wa Kupinda
Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)
Msumeno wa chumaMsumeno wa chuma
Kibano cha meza ya kaziKibano cha meza ya kazi
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Seti ya bisibisiSeti ya bisibisi
8

Partition D and dashers E

Glue up a hardwood partition D 356 x 231 x 20 mm. Cut three half-round openings h 36 mm across in its foot, 100 mm apart, and drill an 8 mm channel j down from the top edge into each. Screw two journal boxes f on each face 113 mm above the foot, 160 mm apart. Cut two dashers E 100 x 220 mm from 10 mm plywood, drill each with four 24 mm holes i, glue an 8 mm dowel 200 mm long along one long edge as the journal, and glue a small block on top 50 mm from that edge for the rod's hook. Snap the journals into the boxes and slide the partition into its guides.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Ubao wa Mti MgumuUbao wa Mti Mgumu1 kipande
Gundi ya MbaoGundi ya Mbao1 kipande
Bati la mbao za kubandikaBati la mbao za kubandika1 kipande
Vijiti vya mbao ngumuVijiti vya mbao ngumu1 kipande
Skrubu za mashineSkrubu za mashine8 vipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa mkonoMsumeno wa mkono
Msumeno wa KupindaMsumeno wa Kupinda
Seti ya vichwa bapa vya kutoboaSeti ya vichwa bapa vya kutoboa
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Sandarusi (karatasi ya kusugua)Sandarusi (karatasi ya kusugua)
Seti ya bisibisiSeti ya bisibisi
9

Hang it and fit the rods

Hook the straps over the studs so the tub hangs between the rails. Bend two 6 mm stainless rods with a hook at each end, 224 mm between hooks; put the cover on, pass a rod down each slot and hook it through the dasher's block below and the eye bolt above.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Fimbo ya chuma cha puaFimbo ya chuma cha pua1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kibano cha meza ya kaziKibano cha meza ya kazi
Msumeno wa chumaMsumeno wa chuma
Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)
10

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build, the front half cut away: the frame with its studs, cross pieces and eye bolts, the bucket hung on its straps, the cover, the partition in its guides with its foot openings, the two hinged dashers and their rods. It was checked at five swing angles from -15 to +15 degrees.
Faili ya UsanifuBLENDCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
11

Churn

Lift the cover, pour about 8 litres of heavy cream at about 15 °C into the two halves, checked with the thermometer, and put the cover back over the rods. Take a handle and swing the tub steadily about 15 degrees each way; time it. When the butter comes, unhook the rods, lift out the partition and dashers, unhook the tub, pour off the buttermilk, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, work in a pinch of salt and weigh it.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Malai nzitoMalai nzito8 l
Chumvi ya Bahari MbichiChumvi ya Bahari Mbichi1 kipande
MajiMaji1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kipima joto chenye kijiti kinachobaki ndaniKipima joto chenye kijiti kinachobaki ndani
Saa ya kupima mudaSaa ya kupima muda
Mizani ya dijitali ya jikoniMizani ya dijitali ya jikoni
Bakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha puaBakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha pua
12

Troubleshooting

Swinging-tub churn troubleshooting.

Flow

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13

History and honest limits

**William Kelly** of Hastings, Barry County, Michigan, US 24,127, 24 May 1859. He did not claim working dashers by the churn's swinging as such, only the dashers with the slide partition and rods so joined to the frame. His tub was made cylindrical below the centre and flat on two sides; ours is a bucket on its side. He gave no sizes: every size and material and the 15 degree swing are ours.

Vifaa

19

Zana Zinazohitajika

18

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