Ushirikiano
SANAA
UREMBO NA USTAWI
UJANJA
UTAMADUNI NA HISTORIA
BURUDANI
MAZINGIRA
CHAKULA NA VINYWAJI
UHANDISI WA KINYUME
SAYANSI
MICHEZO
TEKNOLOJIA
VAZI
Water-Cooled Condenser: Liebig's Glass Tube Corked in a Metal Pipe (Fownes, 1847)
Liebig's condenser as Fownes described it in 1847: a glass tube, tapering from end to end, held by bored corks in the centre of a metal pipe, with tubes that let a current of cold water run through the pipe around it. Vapour from a retort passes down the glass tube, condenses and runs into the receiver.
With a few pieces of ice in the little cistern the water stays at 32 °F (0 °C), and even very volatile liquids condense.
Unknown: the metal of the pipe, the material of the water tubes and all sizes. Fownes does not give them.
Source: G. Fownes, Elementary Chemistry (1847), p. 46 and Fig. 33. Picture: Fig. 33.
Kati
Unknown
Maagizo
1
1
Cork the glass tube into the pipe
Cork the glass tube into the pipe
Bore a cork for each end of the metal pipe. Pass the glass tube, which tapers from end to end, through both corks so that it is held in the centre of the pipe. Ours: the cork borer.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Mrija wa kioo1 tapering from end to end
Metali isiyojulikana1 the pipe
Vizibo vya mzibo2 perforated
Vipimo visivyojulikana1 kipandeZana zinazohitajika:
Kitoboa kizibo2
2
Fit the water tubes
Fit the water tubes
Provide the pipe with tubes so arranged that a current of cold water can circulate through it. As drawn in Fig. 33, the water comes from a little cistern with a cock, standing above the apparatus, down to the lower end of the pipe, and leaves at the upper end into a jar.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Nyenzo isiyojulikana1 water tubes and cisternZana zinazohitajika:
Kitoboa kizibo3
3
Run the cold water
Run the cold water
While distilling, let cold water flow from the cistern through the pipe. For very volatile liquids put a few pieces of ice into the cistern: the water then stays at 32 °F (0 °C).
Zana zinazohitajika:
Maji
Barafu iliyopondwaVifaa
5- 1 tapering from end to endKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 the pipeKishikilia Nafasi
- 2 perforatedKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 kipandeKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 water tubes and cisternKishikilia Nafasi
Vifaa vya Michoro Iliyounganishwa
Mchoro huu unatengeneza
CC0 Umma Wote
Mchoro huu umetolewa chini ya CC0. Uko huru kunakili, kubadilisha, kusambaza, na kutumia kazi hii kwa madhumuni yoyote, bila kuomba ruhusa.
Saidia Mtengenezaji kwa kununua bidhaa kupitia Mchoro wao ambapo wanapata Kamisheni ya Mtengenezaji iliyowekwa na Wachuuzi, au unda marudio mapya ya Mchoro huu na uiunganishe kama kiungo katika Mchoro wako kuchangia mapato.