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Nichrome Wire: Nickel and Chromium Fused, Drawn and Annealed
Albert L. Marsh · Public domain (expired patent)
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18. Oktoba 2026NO
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Nichrome Wire: Nickel and Chromium Fused, Drawn and Annealed

Nichrome is the heating wire of toasters and irons. Albert Marsh patented it in 1906: nickel with less than 25 % chromium, drawn into wire and annealed, with about fifty times the resistance of copper and great resistance to oxidation when hot. Iron, he wrote, will not do. Elwood Haynes (1907) fused pure, carbon-free nickel and chromium in a magnesia crucible under an oxyhydrogen flame. White heat: face shield and gloves. The picture: Marsh's patent drawing, a rheostat wound with the alloy (US 811,859).
Juu
3 days

Maagizo

1

Weigh 85 nickel to 15 chromium

Cut 85 g of nickel sheet into small pieces and weigh 15 g of chromium: Marsh's own example. Both must be pure and free of carbon.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Bati la nikeliBati la nikeli85 g
Chuma cha KromiamuChuma cha Kromiamu15 g

Zana zinazohitajika:

Makasi ya chumaMakasi ya chuma
Mizani ya mizani-mbiliMizani ya mizani-mbili
2

Fuse under the oxyhydrogen flame

Put the metals in a magnesia crucible, set it in a furnace lined with magnesia, and heat it with the oxyhydrogen blowpipe until both have melted together.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Chungu cha MagnesiaChungu cha Magnesia
Oksidi ya magnesiamuOksidi ya magnesiamu
Tochi ya OksihidrojeniTochi ya Oksihidrojeni
Koleo la kaure ya kuyeyushiaKoleo la kaure ya kuyeyushia
Ngao ya UsoNgao ya Uso
Glavu za NgoziGlavu za Ngozi
3

Cast a rod

Pour the alloy into a narrow mould to get a rod that will start in the largest hole of the drawplate.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kalibu ya kutupa madiniKalibu ya kutupa madini
Koleo la kaure ya kuyeyushiaKoleo la kaure ya kuyeyushia
Ngao ya UsoNgao ya Uso
Glavu za NgoziGlavu za Ngozi
4

Draw and anneal

Draw the rod down through the drawplate one hole at a time, as in the drawplate blueprint, and anneal it in the furnace whenever it gets hard. Marsh gives no annealing temperature. Stop at 0.41 mm (0.016 in).

Zana zinazohitajika:

Bamba la chuma la kuvuta wayaBamba la chuma la kuvuta waya
Koleo la kuvutaKoleo la kuvuta
Kilainishi cha kuvuta wayaKilainishi cha kuvuta waya
Tanuru la mkaaTanuru la mkaa
MaikromitaMaikromita
Glavu za NgoziGlavu za Ngozi
5

Check the resistance

Measure one metre with the multimeter. Marsh's 15 % wire of this size measured about 2.3 ohms per foot, which is 7.5 ohms per metre.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kipima-umeme cha aina nyingiKipima-umeme cha aina nyingi

Vifaa

2

Zana Zinazohitajika

15

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Blueprint zinazohusiana

Blueprint hizi zinashiriki maarifa — mbinu, vifaa au kanuni

Drawing Wire with a Drawplate

Drawing Wire with a Drawplate

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