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Potassium Sulfate from the Nitric Acid Residue
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14. Oktoba 2026DE
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Potassium Sulfate from the Nitric Acid Residue

When nitric acid is distilled from saltpetre and sulfuric acid, an acid salt is left in the retort. George Fownes's chemistry manual turns it into potassium sulfate: dissolve it, neutralise it with crude potash and let the neutral salt crystallise. Potassium sulfate is what makes potash alum from alum shale.
Kati
A day with cooling

Maagizo

1

Dissolve the residue

Break the cold residue out of the nitric acid retort and dissolve it in hot water.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Bisalfeti ya potasiamuBisalfeti ya potasiamu500 g
MajiMaji2 lita

Zana zinazohitajika:

Mizani ya mizani-mbiliMizani ya mizani-mbili
Bikari ya kiooBikari ya kioo
Sahani ya Kupasha JotoSahani ya Kupasha Joto
Miwani ya kinga dhidi ya kemikaliMiwani ya kinga dhidi ya kemikali
Glavu za mpiraGlavu za mpira
2

Neutralise with potash

Stir in crude potash a little at a time; it fizzes. Stop when litmus paper no longer turns red.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Kabonati ya potasiamu (potashi)Kabonati ya potasiamu (potashi)260 g

Zana zinazohitajika:

Bikari ya kiooBikari ya kioo
Karatasi ya litmasiKaratasi ya litmasi
Miwani ya kinga dhidi ya kemikaliMiwani ya kinga dhidi ya kemikali
Glavu za mpiraGlavu za mpira
3

Filter and crystallise

Filter it hot, boil it down a little and let it cool. Hard, clear crystals of potassium sulfate form.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Faneli ya Kioo Yenye BombaFaneli ya Kioo Yenye Bomba
Karatasi ya KuchujaKaratasi ya Kuchuja
Sahani ya KuvukiziaSahani ya Kuvukizia
Sahani ya Kupasha JotoSahani ya Kupasha Joto
4

Recrystallise

Dissolve the crystals again in as little boiling water as will take them, and cool. Dry them gently: Fownes notes they crackle apart if heated suddenly.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

MajiMaji1 as required

Zana zinazohitajika:

Sahani ya KuvukiziaSahani ya Kuvukizia
Sahani ya Kupasha JotoSahani ya Kupasha Joto
5

Potash to neutralise the residue

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6

Limits

Fownes's method; the amounts are ours, from the reaction. Crude potash carries other salts, so a second crystallising matters.

Vifaa

3

Zana Zinazohitajika

9

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Salfeti ya potasiamu

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Blueprint zinazohusiana

Blueprint hizi zinashiriki maarifa — mbinu, vifaa au kanuni

Nitric Acid (Aquafortis) from Saltpetre and Oil of Vitriol, Ure 1839
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Nitric Acid (Aquafortis) from Saltpetre and Oil of Vitriol, Ure 1839

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