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Pressure Reactor: the Cast-Iron Autoclave with Bolted Cover (Thorpe, 1912)
Sir Edward Thorpe (ed.) · Public domain (published 1912)
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Pressure Reactor: the Cast-Iron Autoclave with Bolted Cover (Thorpe, 1912)

The chemical works' autoclave, built on Papin's digester: a closed cast-iron vessel with a flanged cover bolted down on a lead washer, a pressure gauge, a safety valve and a thermometer tube. It heats liquids above their boiling points, often at 20 to 30 atmospheres, in a bath of hot oil or molten lead. Variable: the material (cast iron, steel, copper, sheet iron) and lining (enamel, tin, lead, copper or zinc). Source: Thorpe, Dictionary of Applied Chemistry, vol. I (1912), pp. 343-344. Unknown: sizes, wall thickness. Picture: Fig. 3 of the book.
Mtaalamu
Unknown

Maagizo

1

Cast the body and cover

Make the vessel of cast iron (or steel; occasionally copper, sheet iron or sheet steel), with a flange for the cover (Figs. 1-3). Cast-iron vessels are sometimes strapped with steel rings for safety. Not given: sizes and wall thickness.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Vitu vya chuma cha kusubuVitu vya chuma cha kusubu2 body, cover
Pau Bapa la Chuma LainiPau Bapa la Chuma Laini1 rings, optional

Zana zinazohitajika:

Vipimo visivyojulikanaVipimo visivyojulikana
2

Fit gauge, valve and thermometer tube

Fit a pressure gauge, a safety valve and tubes for thermometers. If the charge would attack the iron, enamel the inside or line it with sheet tin, lead, copper or zinc soldered tight to the wall.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Kipima ShinikizoKipima Shinikizo1 kipande
Vali isiyojulikanaVali isiyojulikana1 safety valve
Bomba la chumaBomba la chuma1 thermometer tube

Zana zinazohitajika:

Seti ya spanaSeti ya spana
3

Close the cover

Close it with a screwed or flanged cover bearing on a lead washer, bolted down evenly.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Bati la risasiBati la risasi1 washer
Bolti ya kichwa cha pembe sita - daraja 8.8Bolti ya kichwa cha pembe sita - daraja 8.81 flange bolts, number not given

Zana zinazohitajika:

Seti ya spanaSeti ya spana
4

Pressure-test and heat

Because it must hold 20 to 30 atmospheres, test it with hydraulic (water) pressure before use. In service, heat it by circulating hot oil or by standing it in a bath of molten lead.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Pampu ya mkono ya kupima shinikizoPampu ya mkono ya kupima shinikizo
MajiMaji
Birika la risasi iliyoyeyukaBirika la risasi iliyoyeyuka

Vifaa

7

Zana Zinazohitajika

5

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