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PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)
OMCV (Wikimedia Commons) · Public domain
Martin

Imeundwa na

Martin

22. Septemba 2026NO
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PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)

On 6. April 1938 Roy Plunkett at DuPont opened the valve on a cylinder of tetrafluoroethylene gas, a candidate refrigerant, and nothing came out - though the cylinder still weighed full. Sawn open, it held a white waxy powder: the gas had polymerised by itself. The powder resisted every solvent and acid tried on it, did not melt like other plastics, and almost nothing would stick to it. **US 2,230,654**, "Tetrafluoroethylene polymers", Plunkett, assigned to Kinetic Chemicals, granted 4. February 1941. Its first claim is two words: "Polymerized tetrafluoroethylene." **Tetrafluoroethylene is explosive and is never handled outside a plant.** You build what the material is for: a hinged tilting ramp that measures the coefficient of friction of PTFE against steel, beside nylon, acrylic and steel itself.
Mwanzo
3 hours

Maagizo

1

The rig

The whole rig: a 400 mm base, a hinged ramp with a steel strip on top, a prop under the raised end, and a faced sled.
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Pakua modeli
2

Cut base and ramp

From 18 mm plywood saw two boards 400 x 120 mm. Sand the edges.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Bati la mbao za kubandikaBati la mbao za kubandika1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa mkonoMsumeno wa mkono
Rula ya chumaRula ya chuma
Klampu ya umbo la CKlampu ya umbo la C
3

Hinge them

Lay the boards end to end and fit the butt hinge across one short joint with 4 wood screws, pilot-drilled 2 mm. The ramp must lift from flat to 45° without rocking.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Bawaba ya mlangoBawaba ya mlango1 kipande
Parafujo za mbaoParafujo za mbao4 vipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbaji kwenye sandukuSeti ya vichimbaji kwenye sanduku
Seti ya bisibisiSeti ya bisibisi
4

Fit the steel counterface

Stick a 360 x 100 mm strip of mild steel sheet to the ramp's top face with double-sided tape. Wipe it with isopropyl alcohol - grease halves any reading.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Bati la Chuma LainiBati la Chuma Laini1 kipande
Utepe wa gundi wa pande mbiliUtepe wa gundi wa pande mbili1 rolii
Alkoholi ya Isopropili 99%Alkoholi ya Isopropili 99%10 ml

Zana zinazohitajika:

Miwani ya usalama iliyo waziMiwani ya usalama iliyo wazi
5

Make four sleds

Saw four 60 x 60 mm plywood blocks. Face one each with PTFE, nylon, acrylic and steel cut to 60 x 60 mm, fixed with double-sided tape. Clean every face with alcohol.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Bamba la PTFEBamba la PTFE1 kipande
Bamba la nailoni (6/6)Bamba la nailoni (6/6)1 kipande
Bamba la AkrilikiBamba la Akriliki1 kipande
Bati la Chuma LainiBati la Chuma Laini1 kipande
Utepe wa gundi wa pande mbiliUtepe wa gundi wa pande mbili1 rolii

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa mkonoMsumeno wa mkono
Kisu cha kaziKisu cha kazi
6

Tilt until it goes

Set a sled 100 mm from the top. Raise the ramp slowly, about 1° per second. Stop the instant it slides and read the angle finder on the ramp. Five tries per sled.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kipima PembeKipima Pembe
Rula ya chumaRula ya chuma
7

Load it

Repeat the PTFE sled with a weight taped on top. The angle should not change.

Zana zinazohitajika:

UzaniUzani
Kipima PembeKipima Pembe
8

Angles into friction

Inapakia daftari la Jupyter…
9

History & Context

**What the patent specifies:** the polymer of tetrafluoroethylene itself, a solid insoluble in ordinary solvents. **Modern build (derived):** machined PTFE sheet against clean mild steel on a tilting plane. Its first large use was seals and gaskets for the Manhattan Project's uranium hexafluoride plant, a gas that attacked everything else. DuPont registered Teflon in 1945; non-stick pans followed in the 1950s, and stretched PTFE became Gore-Tex. Its limits: it creeps under steady load, wears quickly without fillers, cannot be glued without etching, and above about 260 °C in use it begins to give off harmful fumes.

Vifaa

9

Zana Zinazohitajika

10

Faili za muundo

1

Blueprint zinazohusiana

Blueprint hizi zinashiriki maarifa — mbinu, vifaa au kanuni

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High-Pressure Polyethylene

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