SANAA
UREMBO NA USTAWI
UJANJA
UTAMADUNI NA HISTORIA
BURUDANI
MAZINGIRA
CHAKULA NA VINYWAJI
UHANDISI WA KINYUME
SAYANSI
MICHEZO
TEKNOLOJIA
VAZI
Refined White Sugar from Raw Cane Sugar
Raw cane sugar is sucrose crystals with a sticky brown coating of molasses. Refining removes that coating and the colour to give white sugar. The crystals are first softened in a concentrated syrup (affination), then dissolved. The syrup is cleaned by carbonatation: milk of lime and carbon dioxide form calcium carbonate, which settles out and carries impurities with it. Colour is taken out with granular activated carbon. The syrup is then boiled down, cooled and seeded so the sugar crystallises, the liquor is spun off in a centrifuge, and the white crystals are dried in hot air. The left-over liquor becomes refiners' molasses. Refined sugar measures below 300 ICUMSA colour units; raw sugar is over 1,500.
Juu
Factory process
Maagizo
1
1
Affination
Affination
Immerse the raw sugar crystals in a concentrated syrup. It softens and removes the sticky brown coating without dissolving the crystals. Separate the crystals from the syrup.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Sukari ghafi ya miwa1 as requiredZana zinazohitajika:
Kizungushi cha sukari2
2
Dissolve
Dissolve
Dissolve the washed crystals in water to make a syrup.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Maji1 as required3
3
Carbonatation
Carbonatation
Add milk of lime (calcium hydroxide in water) and bubble carbon dioxide through the syrup. Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂O. The calcium carbonate that forms takes impurities with it; filter it out.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Hidroksidi ya kalsiamu (chokaa iliyozimwa)1 as required
Gesi ya kaboni dioksidi1 as requiredZana zinazohitajika:
Tangi la ukaboneti
Kichujio cha kubana4
4
Decolourise
Decolourise
Pass the syrup through granular activated carbon to remove the colour.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Mkaa ulioamilishwa wa chembechembe1 as required5
5
Boil and crystallise
Boil and crystallise
Concentrate the syrup by boiling, then cool it and seed it with sugar crystals so the sugar crystallises out.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Sufuria ya kuchemsha sukari6
6
Spin and dry
Spin and dry
Spin the liquor off in a centrifuge and dry the white crystals in hot air. The surplus liquor is made into refiners' molasses.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Kizungushi cha sukari
Kikaushi cha hewa motoVifaa
5- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
Zana Zinazohitajika
5- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
Mchoro huu unatengeneza
Blueprint zinazohusiana
Blueprint hizi zinashiriki maarifa — mbinu, vifaa au kanuni
CC0 Umma Wote
Mchoro huu umetolewa chini ya CC0. Uko huru kunakili, kubadilisha, kusambaza, na kutumia kazi hii kwa madhumuni yoyote, bila kuomba ruhusa.
Saidia Mtengenezaji kwa kununua bidhaa kupitia Mchoro wao ambapo wanapata Kamisheni ya Mtengenezaji iliyowekwa na Wachuuzi, au unda marudio mapya ya Mchoro huu na uiunganishe kama kiungo katika Mchoro wako kuchangia mapato.