SANAA
UREMBO NA USTAWI
UJANJA
UTAMADUNI NA HISTORIA
BURUDANI
MAZINGIRA
CHAKULA NA VINYWAJI
UHANDISI WA KINYUME
SAYANSI
MICHEZO
TEKNOLOJIA
VAZI
Refining Crude Glycerol to 99.5%
Fats and oils are triglycerides: glycerol joined to three fatty acids. Splitting them, by saponification with sodium hydroxide in soap making, by hydrolysis, or by transesterification in biodiesel making, frees the glycerol. That crude glycerol is of variable quality. It is refined in steps: activated carbon takes out organic impurities, alkali deals with glycerol esters that have not reacted, and ion exchange removes salts. Glycerol of more than 99.5% purity is then distilled in several stages under vacuum, because at normal pressure it boils at 290 °C.
Juu
Factory process
Maagizo
1
1
Remove organic impurities
Remove organic impurities
Treat the crude glycerol with activated carbon to take out organic impurities.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Glaiseroli ghafi1 as required
Mkaa ulioamilishwa wa chembechembe1 as requiredZana zinazohitajika:
Tangi la mashapo2
2
Treat with alkali
Treat with alkali
Treat with alkali to deal with unreacted glycerol esters.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Kaustiki soda (hidroksidi ya sodiamu)1 as requiredZana zinazohitajika:
Tangi la mashapo3
3
Remove salts
Remove salts
Pass the glycerol through ion exchange resin to remove salts.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Resini ya kubadilisha ioni1 as required4
4
Vacuum distil
Vacuum distil
Distil in several stages under vacuum (glycerol boils at 290 °C at normal pressure) to reach more than 99.5% purity.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Nguzo ya kunereka kwa ombweVifaa
4- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
Zana Zinazohitajika
2- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
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