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Atmospheric Barrel Churn: Reversed Concave Dashers Close to the Staves, Fresh or Warmed Air Piped to the Middle
Henry Rohrer · Public domain
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Buttercup

11. Novemba 2026IE
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Atmospheric Barrel Churn: Reversed Concave Dashers Close to the Staves, Fresh or Warmed Air Piped to the Middle

Henry Rohrer of Strasburg township, Pennsylvania, received US 26,377, dated 6 December 1859, for improvements to the common barrel churn, which he named the "Champion atmospheric churn". Four concave, tapering dashers run close to the staves with their wide and narrow ends alternating, so they rub as well as beat. Two tubes through the rear head let fresh air into the middle and steam and musty air out; in winter a funnel-mouthed pipe set near a hot stove brings warm air instead. The patent gives no sizes; every size here is ours.
Kati
About 2 days, plus printing

Maagizo

1

Rohrer's temperatures, and the dashers' sweep

Inapakia daftari la Jupyter…
2

Air into the cream, three weeks before

Clow pumped air in at the bottom. Rohrer lets it in by pipes alone, warmed from the stove when needed.
3

Read US 26,377

"The concaved, tapering sides of the dashers with the wide end of the one followed by the narrow end of the other in its revolutions, produces side eddies as well as being beaten and partially retained by the concaved side; thus a thorough mixing is produced, while a constant supply of fresh air is admitted through the pipe G to the center of the churn"
4

Print the step F

A raised open step 80 x 80 mm and 55 mm deep, open at the sides, with a 17 mm socket for the rear pivot. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls.
Faili ya UsanifuSTLCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
5

Barrel A, base B and hatch

Use a wooden barrel about 450 mm long inside, 320 mm across at the heads. Cut a 120 mm hatch in the bilge with a hardwood lid. Bore the front head 17 mm in its centre for the shaft. Bore the rear head 21 mm in its centre for tube K and 21 mm 120 mm above it for tube I. Make a cradle of two shaped hardwood saddles on a base board so the barrel lies level. Fill the barrel with water overnight so it swells tight, then empty it.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Pipa la mbaoPipa la mbao1 kipande
Ubao wa Mti MgumuUbao wa Mti Mgumu2 vipande
Gundi ya MbaoGundi ya Mbao1 kipande
Parafujo za mbaoParafujo za mbao12 vipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa KupindaMsumeno wa Kupinda
DiraDira
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichwa bapa vya kutoboaSeti ya vichwa bapa vya kutoboa
Msumeno wa mezaMsumeno wa meza
Kibano cha upauKibano cha upau
Tepi ya kupimiaTepi ya kupimia
MajiMaji
6

Dashers D and crosses E

Shave four hardwood dashers 400 mm long, tapering from 70 to 35 mm wide, with a 20 mm deep concave face on the inner side and the outer edge left straight. Make two crosses of hardwood 15 x 24 mm, 290 mm across, and screw the dashers to their ends, outer edges 150 mm from the centre, the wide ends alternately at the front and the rear. Fix the front cross on a 16 mm stainless shaft through the front head with a crank C outside, and a 16 mm pivot on the rear cross's centre.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Ubao wa Mti MgumuUbao wa Mti Mgumu2 vipande
Parafujo za mbaoParafujo za mbao16 vipande
Fimbo ya chuma cha puaFimbo ya chuma cha pua1 kipande
Shaft CollarShaft Collar2 vipande
Vijiti vya mbao ngumuVijiti vya mbao ngumu1 kipande
Gundi ya MbaoGundi ya Mbao1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Randa ya mikono miwiliRanda ya mikono miwili
Msumeno wa mezaMsumeno wa meza
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Msumeno wa chumaMsumeno wa chuma
Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)
Seti ya bisibisiSeti ya bisibisi
Sandarusi (karatasi ya kusugua)Sandarusi (karatasi ya kusugua)
Tepi ya kupimiaTepi ya kupimia
7

Step F, tubes I and K, pipes G and H

Screw the printed step over the rear head's centre hole, its socket on the axis. Seal two 20 mm stainless tubes, 70 mm long, through the rear head: K in the centre under the step, I above it. Make the atmospheric pipe G: an upright stainless tube open at its top, joined to I and K by short tubes and elbows. For winter make pipe H: a stainless funnel, mouth m, on a tube to K, with a tee on the tube from I open as the vent l; set the funnel near a warm stove, never on it, and use silicone tube for the joints.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Bomba la chuma cha puaBomba la chuma cha pua2 vipande
Bomba la SilikoniBomba la Silikoni1 kipande
Faneli ya chuma cha puaFaneli ya chuma cha pua1 kipande
Kizibo cha SilikoniKizibo cha Silikoni1 kipande
Parafujo za mbaoParafujo za mbao4 vipande
Uzi wa PETGUzi wa PETG1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Printa ya 3D ya nyuzi (FDM)Printa ya 3D ya nyuzi (FDM)
Msumeno wa chumaMsumeno wa chuma
Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)
Tochi ya PropaniTochi ya Propani
Kibano cha meza ya kaziKibano cha meza ya kazi
Glavu Zinazostahimili JotoGlavu Zinazostahimili Joto
Seti ya bisibisiSeti ya bisibisi
8

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build, the barrel, heads and cradle cut through the middle: the four alternately reversed dashers on their two crosses, the shaft and crank, the step F on the rear head over tube K, tube I, and the atmospheric pipe G outside. The frame was turned through a quarter turn.
Faili ya UsanifuBLENDCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
9

Churn

Fill the barrel about half full with heavy cream, about 15 litres. Bring it to 15-18 °C, checked with the thermometer; in winter put pipe H on with its funnel near the warm stove, otherwise pipe G. Close the hatch and turn the crank steadily, timing it. When the butter comes, open the hatch, take out the butter, drain the buttermilk, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, salt and weigh it.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Malai nzitoMalai nzito15 l
Chumvi ya Bahari MbichiChumvi ya Bahari Mbichi1 kipande
MajiMaji1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kipima joto chenye kijiti kinachobaki ndaniKipima joto chenye kijiti kinachobaki ndani
Saa ya kupima mudaSaa ya kupima muda
Mizani ya dijitali ya jikoniMizani ya dijitali ya jikoni
Bakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha puaBakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha pua
10

Troubleshooting

Atmospheric barrel churn troubleshooting.

Flow

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11

History and honest limits

**Henry Rohrer** of Strasburg township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, US 26,377, 6 December 1859, "Churn". He knew of other ways of bringing air to cream, and claimed the tubes I, K in the rear head with the pipes G and H, mouth m, partition l and tubes L, M, with the dashers D on an open step F. He says he "tested in my own buttery to my entire satisfaction". The patent gives no sizes; every size here is ours. His temperatures, 60 to 65 °F, are 15.6 to 18.3 °C.

Vifaa

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Zana Zinazohitajika

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Faili za muundo

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