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Saw File: Three-Square, Forged in a Boss, Cut by Hand and Hardened (Ure, 1839)
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4. Novemba 2026NO
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Saw File: Three-Square, Forged in a Boss, Cut by Hand and Hardened (Ure, 1839)

The file for sharpening saw teeth as Sheffield made it by hand: a three-square (triangular) bar of cast steel, not tapering, forged in a V-shaped boss, its teeth cut one by one with a chisel and hammer, then hardened under a coat of animal carbon and salt and quenched in cold spring water. Ure says saw files in particular should be hardened with the carbon mixture, so they will cut iron and steel. Not given: sizes and teeth per inch. Source: A. Ure, Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines (1839), File. Picture: our drawing.
Juu
Unknown

Maagizo

1

Forge the blank

Draw cast steel out square at the forge, then lay it with one angle down in a boss whose recess has two sides meeting at an angle, so the hammer forms one side and the boss the other two. Keep it the same size along its length (saw files are not tapered).

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Feleji ya kalibuFeleji ya kalibu1 cast steel bar
Vipimo visivyojulikanaVipimo visivyojulikana1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Fua ya mhunziFua ya mhunzi
Koleo la forjiKoleo la forji
Kalibu ya chini ya kuviringaKalibu ya chini ya kuviringa
NyundoNyundo
Nyundo kubwaNyundo kubwa
2

Cut the teeth

On an anvil with a flat, even face, hold the file down with a leather strap over each end, the workman's feet in the straps like stirrups. Cut the teeth with a chisel a little broader than the file, sharpened to about 20 degrees, struck with a hammer of 1 to 6 lb. For single cut, run a fine file lightly over the teeth to take off the roughness; for double cut, cut a second set nearly at right angles to the first.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Fuawe ya ChumaFuawe ya Chuma
Ukanda wa NgoziUkanda wa Ngozi
Patasi ya chuma baridiPatasi ya chuma baridi
NyundoNyundo
Tupa ya chumaTupa ya chuma
3

Cut the other sides

To cut the next side, lay the file in a piece of lead-tin alloy with an angular groove, so the teeth already cut are not spoiled on the anvil.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Lehemu ya bati na risasiLehemu ya bati na risasi
Fuawe ya ChumaFuawe ya Chuma
Patasi ya chuma baridiPatasi ya chuma baridi
NyundoNyundo
4

Coat for hardening

Distil shoemakers' and curriers' leather refuse in an iron still and powder the bright coal left. Grind about equal parts by bulk of this carbon and salt to the consistence of cream with water and cover the file with it.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Chombo cha kuchemshia cha chumaChombo cha kuchemshia cha chuma
ChumviChumvi
MajiMaji
5

Harden

Hold the file by the tang in a fire of very small cokes, drawing it out often, until it is an even cherry red from tang to point. Plunge it straight down, quickly, into clear spring water as cold as possible.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Fua ya mhunziFua ya mhunzi
Kokoo ya kutengeneza chumaKokoo ya kutengeneza chuma
Koleo la forjiKoleo la forji
MajiMaji
6

Clean and oil

Brush the file with water and powdered cokes until clean and metallic, wash it in two or three waters to take off all the salt, dip it in lime-water, dry it quickly before the fire and oil it while warm with olive oil containing a little oil of turpentine.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kokoo ya kutengeneza chumaKokoo ya kutengeneza chuma
MajiMaji
Maji ya chokaaMaji ya chokaa
Mafuta ya zeituniMafuta ya zeituni
TapentainiTapentaini

Vifaa

2

Zana Zinazohitajika

17

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