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Spray-Jet Dishwasher Arm
Robert L. Tatham · Public domain (expired patent)
Martin

Imeundwa na

Martin

22. Septemba 2026NO
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Spray-Jet Dishwasher Arm

Josephine Cochrane's machine, already published, held the dishes in wire racks and threw water at them from fixed jets while the rack was turned. Robert Tatham's rung makes the water do the moving: jets angled off the radius push the arm round, so a pump and one moving part wash a stationary load from every direction. **US 1,900,529**, "Dishwasher", Robert L. Tatham, filed 29. June 1929, granted 7. March 1933: apparatus for "washing dishes by discharging water with considerable force, in the form of jets or sprays", delivered by a pump. Every domestic dishwasher since has a reaction-driven spray arm. **You build the arm** from PVC pipe on a bearing, fed by a submersible pump, and measure its speed and how much of a dirty plate it actually cleans.
Kati
3 hours

Maagizo

1

Drill the arm

Cap both ends of a 200 mm length of 20 mm PVC pipe. Drill six 2 mm holes along it, three each side of centre, all angled about 20 degrees off straight-out and all the same way round.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Bomba la PVCBomba la PVC1 kipande
Mkusanyiko wa Viungio vya Bomba la PVCMkusanyiko wa Viungio vya Bomba la PVC1 seti

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
RulaRula
2

Hang it on a bearing

Fit a ball bearing at the arm's centre on a short stub of pipe so it spins freely, and connect the pump to the stub with vinyl tubing. Keep the tubing slack so it cannot drag.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Fani ya MipiraFani ya Mipira1 kipande
Mrija wa vinili angavuMrija wa vinili angavu1 mita

Zana zinazohitajika:

Bastola ya gundi ya motoBastola ya gundi ya moto
3

Measure the flow

Run the pump into a graduated cylinder for 15 seconds and work out litres per minute. Do it again with the pump half-throttled by pinching the tube.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Pampu ya maji ya kuzamishwaPampu ya maji ya kuzamishwa
NdooNdoo
Silinda yenye vipimoSilinda yenye vipimo
Saa ya kupima mudaSaa ya kupima muda
4

Dirty a plate

Paint a ceramic plate with a paste of flour and food colouring and let it dry hard. Stand it in the bucket above the arm.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Unga mweupe wa nganoUnga mweupe wa ngano50 g
Rangi ya chakulaRangi ya chakula5 ml

Zana zinazohitajika:

Sinia la keramikiSinia la keramiki
5

Run, count, compare

Run for one minute, counting arm revolutions in 30 seconds. Photograph the plate and estimate the share cleaned. Repeat with the arm locked still, and at half flow.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Saa ya kupima mudaSaa ya kupima muda
Utepe wa kufunikaUtepe wa kufunika
6

Reaction speed and coverage

Inapakia daftari la Jupyter…
7

History & Context

**What the patent specifies:** washing by forceful jets or sprays delivered by a pump against dishes held in a tray. **Modern build (derived):** a reaction-driven PVC arm and an aquarium pump. Later machines added a second arm above, a heater to keep the wash hot, and a detergent dispenser timed to the cycle. Its limits: a jet cannot clean what it cannot reach, so loading matters; burnt-on food still needs soaking; and the arm stalls if cutlery drops through the rack.
Hatua 7 - Image 1

Vifaa

6

Zana Zinazohitajika

10

Blueprint zinazohusiana

Blueprint hizi zinashiriki maarifa — mbinu, vifaa au kanuni

Dishwasher

Dishwasher

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