SANAA
UREMBO NA USTAWI
UJANJA
UTAMADUNI NA HISTORIA
BURUDANI
MAZINGIRA
CHAKULA NA VINYWAJI
UHANDISI WA KINYUME
SAYANSI
MICHEZO
TEKNOLOJIA
VAZI
Youblob (generated from this blueprint's notebook) · CC0
The Spool Valve: Steering Oil With a Sliding Rod
A pump makes flow and a cylinder makes force. Between them sits the valve that decides where the oil goes: to one end of the cylinder, to the other, or back to the tank. In almost every hydraulic machine that valve is a **spool**: a ground steel rod with raised lands, sliding in a bore with five ports — pressure, tank, two work ports, and a second tank.
Slide the spool one way and pressure goes to port A while B drains; slide it the other way and the roles swap; centre it and the ports are blocked or joined, depending on the spool's centre. The edges of the lands are orifices, so the spool also meters how fast.
This rung works out the metering, the choice between open and closed centre, and builds a transparent spool valve that shows the oil paths in coloured water.
Kati
About 4 hours
Maagizo
1
1
Metering edges and the centre condition
Metering edges and the centre condition
Inapakia daftari la Jupyter…
2
2
Each land edge is a throttle
Each land edge is a throttle
The spool meters flow the way any restriction does. The embedded blueprint shows how flow through a restriction depends on its area and the pressure across it.
3
3
Build a clear spool valve
Build a clear spool valve
Take 150 mm of clear acrylic tube with a smooth 20 mm bore. Drill five 6 mm holes in a line along one side, 20 mm apart, and glue a hose barb over each: from one end, **T**, **A**, **P**, **B**, **T**.
3D-print a spool: a 10 mm shaft carrying three lands, each 12 mm long with an O-ring groove, spaced so that when the spool is centred the middle land exactly covers **P** and the outer lands cover **A** and **B**. Fit O-rings sized to seal lightly in the bore. A handle on one end, a stop on the other.
Connect **P** to a garden hose through a ball valve, the two **T** ports to a bucket, and **A** and **B** to the two ports of the double-acting cylinder, or to two clear tubes standing up so you can see which one fills.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Bomba la akriliki (wazi)1 kipande
Mkusanyiko wa Viungio vya Bomba la PVC1 kipande
Seti ya Pete za O1 kipande
Bomba la Silikoni2 mita
Vali ya kudhibiti mwelekeo1 kipandeZana zinazohitajika:
Printa ya 3D ya nyuzi (FDM)
Uzi wa PETG
Kekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuzi
Kipima-unene cha dijitali cha inchi 6
Bastola ya gundi ya moto
Ndoo4
4
The three positions
The three positions
Eneo la Kazi la Blockly
Loading Blockly workspace...
5
5
Run it with coloured water
Run it with coloured water
Add food colouring to a bucket feeding a small submersible pump, or tint the hose supply with a dye injector, so the flow shows in the clear bore.
Centre the spool and open the supply: nothing moves, and the supply hose stiffens — that is a closed centre. Slide the spool slowly one way: first a thread of colour as the edge just cracks open, then a full stream into **A** while **B** drains to **T**. Slide it the other way and watch the paths swap.
Then turn the middle land down on a second printed spool so that, centred, it leaves a gap round **P**: now the supply runs straight through to **T** at the centre. That is an open centre.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Rangi ya chakula (rangi ya kuonyesha mtiririko)1 kipande
Maji20 litaZana zinazohitajika:
Pampu ya maji ya kuzamishwa
Saa ya kupima muda6
6
A valve that will not control the load
A valve that will not control the load
Directional valve faults, in the order to check them.
Flow
Loading...
7
7
Context and honest limits
Context and honest limits
Spool valves go back to the steam age — slide valves on engines, piston valves on locomotives — and became the standard directional valve of oil hydraulics. Their symbols and port letters (P, T, A, B) are now standardised, so a circuit diagram from any maker reads the same way.
**Honest limits.** A spool always leaks a little through its clearance, so it cannot hold a load for long; a check valve does that. Flow through the edges also pushes on the spool (flow forces), which is why large valves are moved by pilot pressure rather than by hand. The printed model with O-rings shows the paths, not the metering: real spools seal by a micrometre clearance, not by rubber.
Vifaa
7- 1 kipandeKishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- 1 kipandeKishikilia Nafasi
- 2 mitaKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 kipandeKishikilia Nafasi
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- 20 litaKishikilia Nafasi
Zana Zinazohitajika
9- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- 1 vendor sell this, none ship to you yetKishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
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- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
Blueprint zinazohusiana
Blueprint hizi zinashiriki maarifa — mbinu, vifaa au kanuni
Throttling: Letting Some of It Past
na Emma
Mitambo
35
0
0
0
0
0
Orifice Plate Meter
na Emma
TEKNOLOJIA
47
0
0
0
0
0
One Way Only: The Check Valve and the Bang It Makes
na Martin
Zana
39
0
0
0
0
0
Safety Relief Valve
na Penny
TEKNOLOJIA
43
0
0
0
0
0
O-Ring Seal
na Mary
Uchimbaji chuma
52
0
0
0
0
0
Hydraulic Accumulator
na Emma
Uchimbaji chuma
36
0
0
0
1
0
CC0 Umma Wote
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