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Urea: Separated from Urine as the Oxalate, Freed with Chalk and Crystallised
Charlie

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Charlie

21. Oktoba 2026DE
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Urea: Separated from Urine as the Oxalate, Freed with Chalk and Crystallised

Urine holds 1.5–2 % urea. Thorpe's Dictionary (1913) gives the usual way to get it out: the concentrated, filtered urine is treated with hot saturated oxalic acid, which throws down the sparingly soluble urea oxalate. Chalk breaks the oxalate up again; the liquid is cleared with animal charcoal and evaporated until urea crystallises on cooling, in needles or four-sided prisms. The picture: our diagram.
Kati
2 days

Maagizo

1

Concentrate and filter the urine

Concentrate the urine and filter it. Ours: evaporate it in a dish on a water bath.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

MkojoMkojo1 as required

Zana zinazohitajika:

Sahani ya KuvukiziaSahani ya Kuvukizia
Bafu la MajiBafu la Maji
Sahani ya Kupasha JotoSahani ya Kupasha Joto
Karatasi ya KuchujaKaratasi ya Kuchuja
Faneli ya Kioo Yenye BombaFaneli ya Kioo Yenye Bomba
Glavu za mpiraGlavu za mpira
2

Precipitate urea oxalate

Add a hot saturated solution of oxalic acid; the sparingly soluble urea oxalate separates. Collect it.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Asidi ya oksaliki dihaidretiAsidi ya oksaliki dihaidreti
Maji yaliyosafishwa kwa mvukeMaji yaliyosafishwa kwa mvuke
Bikari ya kiooBikari ya kioo
KikorogoKikorogo
Karatasi ya KuchujaKaratasi ya Kuchuja
Faneli ya Kioo Yenye BombaFaneli ya Kioo Yenye Bomba
Miwani ya kinga dhidi ya kemikaliMiwani ya kinga dhidi ya kemikali
3

Decompose with chalk, decolorise

Decompose the urea oxalate with powdered chalk (ours: whiting) and water, and filter. Decolorise the filtrate with animal charcoal and filter again.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kaboneti ya kalsiamu (chaki nyeupe)Kaboneti ya kalsiamu (chaki nyeupe)
Weusi wa mifupaWeusi wa mifupa
Maji yaliyosafishwa kwa mvukeMaji yaliyosafishwa kwa mvuke
Bikari ya kiooBikari ya kioo
KikorogoKikorogo
Karatasi ya KuchujaKaratasi ya Kuchuja
Faneli ya Kioo Yenye BombaFaneli ya Kioo Yenye Bomba
4

Evaporate and crystallise

Evaporate the clear filtrate until urea crystallises out on cooling.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Sahani ya KuvukiziaSahani ya Kuvukizia
Bafu la MajiBafu la Maji
Sahani ya Kupasha JotoSahani ya Kupasha Joto

Vifaa

1
  • 1
    Mkojo
    1 as required
    Kishikilia Nafasi

Zana Zinazohitajika

13

Mchoro huu unatengeneza

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Kishikilia nafasi

Urea (fuwele)

Free

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Blueprint zinazohusiana

Blueprint hizi zinashiriki maarifa — mbinu, vifaa au kanuni

Oxalic Acid: Sugar Oxidised with Nitric Acid, Ure 1839
Hatari

Oxalic Acid: Sugar Oxidised with Nitric Acid, Ure 1839

na CharlieDE

Kikaboni

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