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Metal Oxide Varistor: Zinc Oxide with 1 % Bismuth Oxide, 1100 °C, 1.0 mm (Masuyama 1972)
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28. Oktoba 2026FI
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Metal Oxide Varistor: Zinc Oxide with 1 % Bismuth Oxide, 1100 °C, 1.0 mm (Masuyama 1972)

A non-linear resistor: the current through it rises far faster than the voltage across it. Masuyama, Matsuoka and Nishi made one from zinc oxide with a little bismuth oxide: pressed into a disc, sintered, lapped, and given metal electrodes. With 1 mole % bismuth oxide, sintered at 1100 °C and lapped to 1.0 mm, the disc measured a C-value of 56 at 1 mA and a nonlinearity exponent n of 4.0. Source: T. Masuyama, M. Matsuoka and T. Nishi (Matsushita), US 3,663,458 (1972), Example 1. Unknown: how the aluminium is sprayed on and what the silver paint is. The patent calls both well known, so they are linked to unknown heads. The 10 g batch is our arithmetic. Picture: the patent's drawing.
Juu
1 day

Maagizo

1

Weigh 99 : 1 and wet-mill 5 hours

Mix zinc oxide and bismuth oxide 99 : 1 by moles. Ours, for 10 g: 9.453 g zinc oxide, 0.547 g bismuth oxide (our arithmetic). Mill wet for 5 hours, then dry. Unknown: the milling liquid.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Poda ya oksidi ya zinkiPoda ya oksidi ya zinki9.453 g
Oksidi ya bismuthiOksidi ya bismuthi0.547 g

Zana zinazohitajika:

Mizani ya mizani-mbiliMizani ya mizani-mbili
Kinu cha mipira ya chumaKinu cha mipira ya chuma
Tanuri la kukaushiaTanuri la kukaushia
2

Press discs 13 mm by 2.5 mm

Press the powder in a mould into discs 13 mm across and 2.5 mm thick at 340 kg/cm².

Zana zinazohitajika:

Mashine ya kubana ya haidrolikiMashine ya kubana ya haidroliki
Kalibu ya kubana diskiKalibu ya kubana diski
Kalipa ya VernierKalipa ya Vernier
3

Sinter 1 hour at 1100 °C and furnace-cool

Sinter the discs in air for 1 hour at 1100 °C, then let them cool in the furnace to room temperature (about 15-30 °C).

Zana zinazohitajika:

Tanuri ya muffleTanuri ya muffle
4

Lap both faces to 1.0 mm

Lap both faces with 600-mesh silicon carbide until the disc is 1.0 mm thick.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Chembechembe za kabidi ya silikoniChembechembe za kabidi ya silikoni
Kalipa ya VernierKalipa ya Vernier
5

Spray aluminium electrodes and attach leads

Spray a metallised film of aluminium on both faces. Attach a lead wire to each with conductive silver paint. Unknown: the spraying method and the paint.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Kitalu cha aluminiKitalu cha alumini1 as required
Rangi ya fedha inayopitisha umemeRangi ya fedha inayopitisha umeme1 as required
Waya wa ShabaWaya wa Shaba2 vipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Njia isiyojulikana ya kunyunyizia chumaNjia isiyojulikana ya kunyunyizia chuma
Kalipa ya VernierKalipa ya Vernier

Vifaa

5

Zana Zinazohitajika

9

Mchoro huu unatengeneza

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Kishikilia nafasi

Varistor ya oksidi ya chuma (kizuia mshtuko wa volteji)

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Blueprint zinazohusiana

Blueprint hizi zinashiriki maarifa — mbinu, vifaa au kanuni

Metal Oxide Varistor: Zinc Oxide with 0.2 % Bismuth Oxide, Sintered Disc (Masuyama 1972)

Metal Oxide Varistor: Zinc Oxide with 0.2 % Bismuth Oxide, Sintered Disc (Masuyama 1972)

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