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Metal Oxide Varistor: Zinc Oxide with 12 % Manganese Dioxide, Bismuth Oxide Paste Fired On (Masuyama 1972, Ex. 5)
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28. Oktoba 2026FI
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Metal Oxide Varistor: Zinc Oxide with 12 % Manganese Dioxide, Bismuth Oxide Paste Fired On (Masuyama 1972, Ex. 5)

A varistor with bismuth oxide fired on from a paste instead of mixed in: 88 % zinc oxide with 12 % manganese dioxide by moles, sintered at 1350 °C, coated with bismuth oxide paste and fired at 800 °C. The disc measured a C-value of 450 at 1 mA and a nonlinearity exponent n of 2.6. Source: T. Masuyama, M. Matsuoka and T. Nishi (Matsushita), US 3,663,458 (1972), Example 5. Unknown: what the silver paint is, and how strong the epoxy solution of the paste is. The spraying is ours, after US Army Corps of Engineers EM 1110-2-3401 (1999). The 10 g batch is our arithmetic. Picture: the patent's drawing.
Juu
2 days

Maagizo

1

Weigh 88 : 12 and wet-mill 5 hours

Mix zinc oxide and manganese dioxide 88 : 12 by moles. Ours, for 10 g: 8.728 g zinc oxide and 1.272 g manganese dioxide (our arithmetic). Mill wet for 5 hours, then dry, as in Example 1. Unknown: the milling liquid.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Poda ya oksidi ya zinkiPoda ya oksidi ya zinki8.728 g
Dioksidi ya manganizi (pairolusiti)Dioksidi ya manganizi (pairolusiti)1.272 g

Zana zinazohitajika:

Mizani ya mizani-mbiliMizani ya mizani-mbili
Kinu cha mipira ya chumaKinu cha mipira ya chuma
Tanuri la kukaushiaTanuri la kukaushia
2

Press discs 13 mm by 2.5 mm

Press discs 13 mm across and 2.5 mm thick at 340 kg/cm², as in Example 1.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Mashine ya kubana ya haidrolikiMashine ya kubana ya haidroliki
Kalibu ya kubana diskiKalibu ya kubana diski
Kalipa ya VernierKalipa ya Vernier
3

Sinter 1 hour at 1350 °C and furnace-cool

As in Example 2: sinter in air at 1350 °C for 1 hour and let the discs cool in the furnace.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Tanuri ya muffleTanuri ya muffle
4

Lap both faces

Lap both faces with silicon carbide abrasive. Example 5 gives no thickness.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Chembechembe za kabidi ya silikoniChembechembe za kabidi ya silikoni
Kalipa ya VernierKalipa ya Vernier
5

Coat with bismuth oxide paste and fire at 800 °C

Coat both lapped faces with a paste of 50 % by weight bismuth oxide in a solution of epoxy resin in butyl alcohol, and fire it in air at 800 °C for 30 minutes. The bismuth oxide diffuses into the zinc oxide. Not given: how much paste, or the strength of the epoxy solution.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Oksidi ya bismuthiOksidi ya bismuthi1 as required

Zana zinazohitajika:

Utomvu wa epoksiUtomvu wa epoksi
n-Butanoln-Butanol
Tanuri ya muffleTanuri ya muffle
6

Spray aluminium electrodes and attach leads

Spray a metallised film of aluminium on both faces. Attach a lead wire to each with conductive silver paint, as in Example 1. Ours, after US Army Corps of Engineers EM 1110-2-3401 (1999): wire-arc spray the aluminium from two 3.2 mm wires melted by an 18-40 V DC arc and atomised by compressed air, 15-20 cm from the disc and never at less than 45°, in at least two coats at right angles of 50-75 µm each. Unknown: the paint.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Kitalu cha aluminiKitalu cha alumini1 as 3.2 mm spray wire
Rangi ya fedha inayopitisha umemeRangi ya fedha inayopitisha umeme1 as required
Waya wa ShabaWaya wa Shaba2 vipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kalipa ya VernierKalipa ya Vernier
Bunduki ya kunyunyiza kwa tao la wayaBunduki ya kunyunyiza kwa tao la waya
Kibanio hewa cha kiwandaKibanio hewa cha kiwanda

Vifaa

6

Zana Zinazohitajika

12

Mchoro huu unatengeneza

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Varistor ya oksidi ya chuma (kizuia mshtuko wa volteji)

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Metal Oxide Varistor: Zinc Oxide with 0.2 % Bismuth Oxide, Sintered Disc (Masuyama 1972)

Metal Oxide Varistor: Zinc Oxide with 0.2 % Bismuth Oxide, Sintered Disc (Masuyama 1972)

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