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Charcoal Air Furnace for Crucibles, Drawn by a Chimney

Deutsche Fotothek (16th-century woodcut) · Public domain

작성자

Forge

14. 10월 2026

Charcoal Air Furnace for Crucibles, Drawn by a Chimney

The chemist's furnace for melting in crucibles needs no bellows: a firebrick box closed on every side, air entering only under the grate, and a tall chimney to draw it through the burning charcoal. George Fownes (1856) describes it; a sliding damper in the flue sets the heat, from dull red upward. The picture: a 16th-century assay workshop woodcut with wind furnaces, one on a tripod, for melting silver in crucibles (Deutsche Fotothek).

중급

Two days, plus drying

안내

Fireclay mortar

Mix fireclay and fine sand with water to a stiff, smooth mortar (our mix: about one part clay to one of sand).

이 단계의 재료:

내화 점토10 kg

고운 모래10 kg

물8 리터

필요한 도구:

양동이

모종삽

Ash pit and grate

Lay a level firebrick base and build a low ash pit with an opening at the front. Forge bars from wrought iron rod and set them across the top as the grate, a finger's width apart.

이 단계의 재료:

내화 벽돌20 개

연철 환봉2 m

필요한 도구:

모종삽

수평계

대장간 화덕

가로 쐐기머리 망치

Fire box

Build a square box of firebricks on the grate, wide enough for a crucible with a hand's width of charcoal all round, and tall enough to cover it. Joint every brick thinly with the fireclay mortar.

이 단계의 재료:

내화 벽돌40 개

필요한 도구:

모종삽

수평계

Flue, chimney and damper

Lead a flue out near the top into a tall chimney pipe. Fit an iron sliding plate across the flue as a damper. Close the top with a loose firebrick lid.

이 단계의 재료:

굴뚝 연도관1 개

철판 (단조)1 개

필요한 도구:

모종삽

Dry and first fire

Let the mortar dry for days, then light a small charcoal fire and raise it slowly over an hour or two so the joints do not crack.

이 단계의 재료:

숯10 kg

필요한 도구:

내열 장갑

Draught from the chimney

Jupyter 노트북 불러오는 중…

Limits

The principle and the damper are Fownes's; the sizes, the mortar mix and the draught formula's working figures are ours. Charcoal fires make carbon monoxide: work outdoors or under a good chimney.