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Electric Arc Furnace: the Héroult Series-Arc Steel Furnace (Stansfield, 1914)

작성자

Volt

4. 11월 2026

Electric Arc Furnace: the Héroult Series-Arc Steel Furnace (Stansfield, 1914)

Héroult's steel furnace: a tilting hearth like an open-hearth furnace, lined with dolomite, with two carbon electrodes coming down through the roof. The current goes down one electrode, arcs into the slag, passes through the molten steel and arcs back up the other, so the heat goes straight into the metal. Result: an electric steel furnace about 7 x 4 ft inside for a 3 ton charge, run at about 350 kW and 110 V. Source: A. Stansfield, The Electric Furnace, 2nd ed. (1914), pp. 115-116, 214-216. Unknown: case and tilting gear details, electrode size. Picture: a drawn diagram (Fig. 93 is blank in the scan).

전문가

Unknown

안내

Build the case and lining

Build the furnace in a steel case on a tilting mounting, about 7 x 4 ft inside, with charging doors at the ends. Line it with dolomite bricks and crushed dolomite; dolomite or magnesite on the hearth, which allows strongly basic slags. Ours: mild steel plate. Not given: the case and tilting gear, the bricks' making.

이 단계의 재료:

연강판1 case

백운석(마그네시아 석회암)1 lining and crushed dolomite

마그네사이트 블록1 hearth, if magnesite

필요한 도구:

아크 용접기

흙손

알 수 없는 치수

Make the removable roof

Make the roof of silica brick, covered with steel plates and given eyes so it can be lifted off. Between the two electrode holes use bronze plates instead of steel, because steel there would raise the inductance of the AC circuit. Fit water jackets round each electrode hole for a close fit, so less heat escapes and the electrodes do not burn in the air. Ours: copper tube for the water jackets. Silica brick has no head here.

이 단계의 재료:

알 수 없는 재료1 silica brick

연강판1 roof plates

청동 판1 plates between electrodes

동관1 water jackets

필요한 도구:

아크 용접기

탁상 드릴

물

Hang the electrodes

Use two vertical carbon electrodes, square in section. Carry each in a holder on an arm supported by the furnace itself, so its height does not change when the furnace tilts: four contact pieces round the electrode, drawn tight by a steel strap and a screw in the arm, with the cable bolted to them. Raise and lower each electrode separately, by a regulator controlled by the voltage between it and the metal. Not given: electrode size, the regulator's build.

이 단계의 재료:

탄소 전극2 electrodes

알 수 없는 금속1 holders, arms, contact pieces

필요한 도구:

탁상 드릴

Melt and refine a charge

Charge steel scrap with some iron ore and lime. Keep each electrode a little above the slag, leaving room for its arc. Regulate the current by hand while the scrap melts, then switch to automatic; full power only after about an hour. Pour off the slag and make a second, then a third, with lime and a little sand and fluorspar, before the final additions. At La Praz this took about 350 kW at 110 V: 5 hours for 1.25 tons of low-carbon steel, 8 hours for 2.33 tons of high-carbon steel. Not given: the electric supply.

필요한 도구:

물