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Layer-by-Layer Strand Deposition Machine: Crump, 1992

S. Scott Crump (US Patent 5,121,329) · Public domain (expired patent)

작성자

Emma

12. 10월 2026

Layer-by-Layer Strand Deposition Machine: Crump, 1992

S. Scott Crump patented this machine in 1992, US 5,121,329. A computer slices a CAD design into layers. A dispensing head melts a material just above its solidification temperature and lays it down through a small nozzle, one layer at a time, on a base plate that moves under it in X and Y, while the head steps up in Z after each layer. Each layer solidifies almost at once and bonds to the one below. In one version a pneumatic piston pushes a solid rod into the head; in the version built here, drive rollers pull a flexible strand, about 1/16 inch thick, off a reel, so the rate the strand advances sets how much material flows. Any material that bonds to the layer below as it solidifies can be used, such as waxes, thermoplastic resins and metals.

고급

Workshop process

안내

X-Y table and base plate

Carry the base plate on an X-Y table: one motor turns a drive screw in a drive block to move a slide rod, and a second motor turns a screw on the slide rod engaged with threads under the plate, so the plate moves along X and Y. The table is small enough for a desk top. Fix fine wire-mesh sandpaper to the plate with double-faced adhesive tape: the dispensed material grips the sand and flows into the mesh, and the sheet peels off the finished article.

이 단계의 재료:

구동 나사가 있는 X-Y 테이블1 개

조형 베이스 플레이트1 개

사포1 개

양면 테이프1 개

전동기2 개

필요한 도구:

드라이버 세트

커터칼

Vertical slide

Mount the dispensing head on a micro-slide bearing at the end of a support arm on a pedestal, close above the plate. A right-angle bracket on the head is threaded on a vertical drive screw turned by a third motor, preferably a high-resolution stepper motor, to raise the head along Z.

이 단계의 재료:

Z 슬라이드가 있는 받침대와 지지 암1 개

스테퍼 모터1 개

필요한 도구:

드라이버 세트

멍키스패너

Strand head and nozzle

Feed the strand from its reel through a low-friction Teflon guide sleeve into the head's supply chamber. Inside, belt- or chain-linked drive rollers, turned by a motor (preferably a high-resolution stepper), grip it against idler rollers pressed by springs on a pressure plate and push it down into a nozzle threaded onto the head. A sleeve heater with a resistance coil round the nozzle melts the strand in the flow passage to slightly above its solidification point; a seal ring seals the passage's inlet, and it flows out through an orifice of chosen size. Leave enough slack in the strand for the head to travel freely.

이 단계의 재료:

구동 롤러가 있는 가닥 토출 헤드1 개

가열 토출 노즐1 개

PTFE 가이드 슬리브1 개

릴에 감긴 열가소성 가닥1 개

스테퍼 모터1 개

필요한 도구:

드라이버 세트

펜치(콤비네이션 플라이어)

Computer control

Draw the article in CAD on the computer, section it into layers with layering software, and send the layer data to a machine controller that drives the X, Y and Z motors and the strand drive, so plate and head move in the pattern of each layer and the head steps up a set distance for the next.

이 단계의 재료: