Solid Carbon Dioxide: Liquid Let Out into a Woollen Bag and Pressed in a Wooden Mould (Landolt, Thorpe 1912)

Dry ice without a machine: when liquid carbon dioxide is suddenly let out of its bottle, part of it boils off at once and the cold freezes the rest. Landolt caught the snow in woollen bags and pressed it into blocks in conical wooden moulds. Solid carbon dioxide is a white, snow-like mass that can lie in the air for some time without much loss; a thermometer pushed into it reads -79 °C. Not given: amounts, yield, and the sizes of bags and moulds. Source: E. Thorpe, Dictionary of Applied Chemistry vol. I (1912), Carbon, pp. 670-671, after Landolt, Ber. 17, 309. Picture: KarolinaHalatek, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Let the liquid out into a woollen bag

Take liquid carbon dioxide in its iron or steel bottle (Thorpe: bottles of 8 kg, about 4000 litres of gas). Let the liquid out freely into a woollen bag. Part of it vaporises at once and escapes through the cloth; the cold this makes freezes the rest into a white, snow-like solid that stays in the bag.

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