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Spiegeleisen from Spathic Ore: Siegen Blast Furnace
Spiegeleisen, 'mirror iron', is pig iron rich in manganese. Bessemer steelmakers added it to the blown metal to put back carbon and manganese. The Siegen works made it by roasting their manganese-bearing spathic ore and smelting it in the blast furnace with brown hematite, limestone and coke, as Bauerman describes (1890).
고급
Works process
안내
1
1
Watch: iron from a blast furnace
Watch: iron from a blast furnace
A 1951 film of the blast furnace: ore, coke and limestone in layers, hot blast, slag and tapping. Spiegeleisen is made the same way from a manganese-rich ore.
2
2
Roast the spathic ore
Roast the spathic ore
Break the ore small. In the kiln, lay 4 in of charcoal on the upper grate, then alternate layers of ore and waste fuel (coke breeze), 40 parts ore to 8 fuel by measure. Light a wood fire on the lower grate and keep it three days. Draw a quarter of the roasted ore each day and refill with half the fuel.
이 단계의 재료:
능철석(시데라이트)1 as required
숯1 as required
야금용 코크스1 as required
장작1 as required필요한 도구:
배소로
큰 망치3
3
Charge the blast furnace
Charge the blast furnace
Each charge: 28.8 parts roasted spathic ore, 7.2 brown hematite and 9 limestone, with 20 parts coke (Charlottenhütte, by weight).
이 단계의 재료:
철광석 (늪철 / 적철석 / 자철석)1 as required
탄산칼슘 — 부순 석회암1 as required야금용 코크스1 as required필요한 도구:
용광로4
4
Blow it hot
Blow it hot
Blow through three tuyeres at about 3½ lb per square inch, with a hot blast (280–300° in Bauerman). Keep the hearth hot: a hotter blast reduces more manganese. Keep the slag nearly neutral.
필요한 도구:
용광로
고온계5
5
Tap and cast
Tap and cast
Tap the metal into moulds. Siegen's spiegeleisen held about 8 % manganese.
필요한 도구:
출탕봉
잉곳 주형
내열 장갑
얼굴 가리개6
6
Honest limits
Honest limits
Figures are Bauerman's (1890) for Siegen; a works blast furnace made about 30 tons a day. Later spiegel ran ~15 % manganese (Wikipedia), from richer Spanish and Sardinian ores.
재료
6- 1 as required플레이스홀더
- 1 as required플레이스홀더
- 1 as required플레이스홀더
- 1 as required플레이스홀더
- 1 as required플레이스홀더
- 1 as required플레이스홀더
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