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Tin Oxide: Tin Burnt in an Open Iron Pot
Tin oxide is made by burning tin in air: melted tin in an open pot slowly turns to a white powder. Andrew Ure (1839) describes the enamel makers' way, with a lead-tin alloy in a flat iron pot, the powder raked aside as it forms, then ground and washed fine. Done with pure tin it gives the milky white oxide used in glazes, opal glass and polishing.
The picture: tin(IV) oxide powder on a watch glass.
중급
A day
안내
1
1
Melt the tin in an open pot
Melt the tin in an open pot
Melt the tin in a flat cast-iron pot over a charcoal fire. Leave the pot open to the air.
이 단계의 재료:
주석 잉곳1 kg
숯1 as required필요한 도구:
접시 저울
주철 도가니
숯 도가니로
부집게
내열 장갑2
2
Burn it, rake the powder aside
Burn it, rake the powder aside
Raise the heat towards a dull red and keep stirring the surface. Rake the white crust to the sides as it forms, as Ure describes, and add tin as it is used up. Keep the heat as low as will do: Ure warns that too strong a fire fuses the powder and makes it hard to grind.
필요한 도구:
주철 도가니
쇠갈퀴
구멍 뚫린 건짐 국자내열 장갑3
3
Pick out the metal
Pick out the metal
Let the powder cool. Sift it and pick out any beads of tin; Ure: no metal may be left in the oxide. Melt the beads back in.
필요한 도구:
고운 체
화학물질 비산 보안경4
4
Grind and wash
Grind and wash
Grind the powder fine with water. Stir it up in a bucket of water, let the coarse part settle for a moment and pour off the milky water; let the fine part settle out of that, as Ure washed his. Dry it in a dish and store it closed.
이 단계의 재료:
물10 리터필요한 도구:
막자사발과 막자
멀러
양동이
증발 접시
유리병5
5
Tin to oxide
Tin to oxide
Jupyter 노트북 불러오는 중…
6
6
Limits
Limits
Burning tin in air is how tin oxide is made (Wikipedia); the pot, raking, low heat and washing are Ure's practice for the lead-tin calx of enamel makers, used here with pure tin by our choice. Tin oxidises more slowly than Ure's lead-rich alloy, so allow time.
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