예술
뷰티 및 웰니스
공예
문화 및 역사
엔터테인먼트
환경
음식 및 음료
역공학
과학
스포츠
기술
웨어러블
Venetian Borax: Refining Tincal with Lime
Native borax, tincal, came to Europe from the dried lake shores of Tibet and India coated in an earthy, soapy fat. Venice, then the Dutch, refined it in secret: the refined salt was called Venetian borax. One of their methods is recorded by Knapp, as Muspratt gives it in 1860: soften the tincal with water and a little slaked lime, wash it clean, dissolve it hot with a little chloride of calcium to take out the last of the soap, then crystallise it in lead-lined wooden cones. Borax is the flux of brazing and soldering.
중급
Several days
안내
1
1
Weigh the tincal and the additions
Weigh the tincal and the additions
Weigh the tincal, about 1 per cent of its weight of slaked lime, and about 2 per cent of chloride of calcium (step 7 works it out for 10 kg).
이 단계의 재료:
틴칼 (조붕사)10 kg
소석회(수산화칼슘)100 g
염화칼슘200 g필요한 도구:
접시 저울2
2
Soften it with water and lime
Soften it with water and lime
Soften the tincal in a small quantity of cold water in a wooden tub, and stir it about while adding the slaked lime little by little.
이 단계의 재료:
물1 as required필요한 도구:
나무 함지
나무 주걱노
화학물질 비산 보안경
고무장갑3
3
Wash it several times
Wash it several times
Pour off the turbid lime-water. Let the impurities settle out of it, then pour the clear liquid back over the crystals. Repeat this several times; it takes away the greater part of the soapy crust.
필요한 도구:
나무 함지나무 주걱노4
4
Dissolve hot with chloride of calcium
Dissolve hot with chloride of calcium
Dissolve the washed crystals in hot water and add the chloride of calcium. It turns what soap remains into an insoluble lime soap (and common salt); strain that off.
이 단계의 재료:
물1 as required
숯1 as required필요한 도구:
증발 냄비
숯 도가니로
체나무 주걱노화학물질 비산 보안경고무장갑5
5
Boil down to 21 degrees Baumé
Boil down to 21 degrees Baumé
Evaporate the clear liquid to 21 degrees Baumé, a specific gravity of 1.17, checking with a hydrometer.
이 단계의 재료:
숯1 as required필요한 도구:
증발 냄비숯 도가니로
비중계6
6
Crystallise in lead-lined cones
Crystallise in lead-lined cones
Run the liquor into wooden vessels lined with lead and shaped as short inverted cones, and let it crystallise. Any deposit collects in the narrow lower part and does not spoil the crystals. Knapp adds that a little tincal stirred in before this last crystallisation keeps the crystals from splitting and flying off the work when heated for soldering.
필요한 도구:
결정조
납판7
7
Knapp's additions, per 10 kg
Knapp's additions, per 10 kg
Jupyter 노트북 불러오는 중…
8
8
Powder it for flux
Powder it for flux
Take out the crystals, dry them and grind them in a mortar to a powder for use as flux. Keep it covered: in dry air borax slowly loses water and turns opaque on the surface.
필요한 도구:
막자사발과 막자9
9
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Borax refining troubleshooting.
Flow
Loading...
10
10
History and honest limits
History and honest limits
Muspratt (1860) gives Knapp's two known methods of the secret Venetian and Dutch refining; this is the lime method. The other washed the powdered tincal with caustic soda lye and added carbonate of soda. By Muspratt's time most borax was made instead from the boracic acid of Tuscany and carbonate of soda. Knapp's per cent figures do not say of what; we take them as per cent of the tincal. Grinding the crystals to powder is ours.
재료
5- 10 kg플레이스홀더
- 100 g플레이스홀더
- 200 g플레이스홀더
- 2 as required플레이스홀더
- 1 as required플레이스홀더
이 블루프린트로 만드는 것
관련 블루프린트
이 블루프린트들은 지식을 공유합니다 — 기술, 재료 또는 원리
CC0 퍼블릭 도메인
이 블루프린트는 CC0로 공개되었습니다. 어떤 목적으로든 자유롭게 복사, 수정, 배포 및 사용할 수 있습니다.
제품 구매를 통해 메이커를 지원하세요. 판매자가 설정한 메이커 커미션 을 받거나, 이 블루프린트의 새로운 반복을 만들어 연결로 포함시킬 수 있습니다.