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Bismuth: Sweated Out of Native Ore in Inclined Iron Tubes, the Schneeberg Way (Thorpe, 1912)
E. Thorpe (ed.) · Public domain
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4. November 2026DE
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Bismuth: Sweated Out of Native Ore in Inclined Iron Tubes, the Schneeberg Way (Thorpe, 1912)

The old way of getting bismuth from ore that holds it as the metal: heat the lumps just enough in sloping iron tubes and the bismuth, which melts easily, runs out of the rock into pots under charcoal. It takes 30-60 minutes a charge but gets only about two-thirds of the metal. Not given: the furnace temperature. Source: E. Thorpe, Dictionary of Applied Chemistry vol. I (1912), Bismuth, p. 458. Picture: Thorpe's Fig. 1, the furnace in plan.
Pertengahan
30-60 minutes per charge

Arahan

1

Pick and break the ore

Sort the ore (7-12 % bismuth) by hand from the waste rock as far as possible and break it into pieces the size of a hazel nut.

Bahan untuk langkah ini:

Bijih bismut asliBijih bismut asli1 12 cwt per tube charge

Alatan diperlukan:

TukulTukul
Penimbang pelantar industriPenimbang pelantar industri
2

Charge the tubes

Load about 12 cwt into each inclined iron tube of the furnace, leaving room to stir from the upper end. Close the upper ends with iron plates and the lower ends with plates pierced with round holes. Under each lower end stand an iron pot holding powdered charcoal, kept gently warm by a small charcoal fire.

Bahan untuk langkah ini:

ArangArang1 powdered, in the pots and for the pot fire

Alatan diperlukan:

Relau likuasi bismutRelau likuasi bismut
Mangkuk pijar besiMangkuk pijar besi
3

Sweat out the bismuth

Fire the furnace with wood so that the metal flows easily. In about 10 minutes the bismuth begins to run into the pots, where the charcoal covers it from the air. Stir the ore now and then with an iron rod from the upper end; in 30-60 minutes the charge is done. 20 cwt of ore burns about 63 cubic feet of wood.

Bahan untuk langkah ini:

Kayu ApiKayu Api1 about 63 cu ft per 20 cwt of ore

Alatan diperlukan:

Relau likuasi bismutRelau likuasi bismut
Rod besiRod besi
4

Rake out and recharge

Rake the spent ore (bismuth barley) out of the upper end into the tank and refill at once with fresh ore.

Alatan diperlukan:

Penggaru besiPenggaru besi
Relau likuasi bismutRelau likuasi bismut
5

Cast ingots

Ladle the bismuth from the pots into moulds and cast ingots of 25-50 lb.

Alatan diperlukan:

Mangkuk pijar besiMangkuk pijar besi
Cedok tuang logamCedok tuang logam
Acuan jongkongAcuan jongkong

Bahan

3
  • 1
    Bijih bismut asli
    1 12 cwt per tube charge
    Pemegang Tempat
  • 2
    Arang
    1 powdered, in the pots and for the pot fire
    Pemegang Tempat
  • 3
    Kayu Api
    1 about 63 cu ft per 20 cwt of ore
    Pemegang Tempat

Alatan Diperlukan

8

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