SENI
KECANTIKAN & KESEJAHTERAAN
KRAFTANGAN
BUDAYA & SEJARAH
HIBURAN
ALAM SEKITAR
MAKANAN & MINUMAN
KEJURUTERAAN TERBALIK
SAINS
SUKAN
TEKNOLOGI
BOLEH PAKAI
Refined White Sugar from Raw Cane Sugar
Raw cane sugar is sucrose crystals with a sticky brown coating of molasses. Refining removes that coating and the colour to give white sugar. The crystals are first softened in a concentrated syrup (affination), then dissolved. The syrup is cleaned by carbonatation: milk of lime and carbon dioxide form calcium carbonate, which settles out and carries impurities with it. Colour is taken out with granular activated carbon. The syrup is then boiled down, cooled and seeded so the sugar crystallises, the liquor is spun off in a centrifuge, and the white crystals are dried in hot air. The left-over liquor becomes refiners' molasses. Refined sugar measures below 300 ICUMSA colour units; raw sugar is over 1,500.
Lanjutan
Factory process
Arahan
1
1
Affination
Affination
Immerse the raw sugar crystals in a concentrated syrup. It softens and removes the sticky brown coating without dissolving the crystals. Separate the crystals from the syrup.
Bahan untuk langkah ini:
Gula tebu mentah1 as requiredAlatan diperlukan:
Pengempar gula2
2
Dissolve
Dissolve
Dissolve the washed crystals in water to make a syrup.
Bahan untuk langkah ini:
Air1 as required3
3
Carbonatation
Carbonatation
Add milk of lime (calcium hydroxide in water) and bubble carbon dioxide through the syrup. Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂O. The calcium carbonate that forms takes impurities with it; filter it out.
Bahan untuk langkah ini:
Kalsium hidroksida (kapur mati)1 as required
Gas karbon dioksida1 as requiredAlatan diperlukan:
Tangki pengkarbonatan
Penapis tekan4
4
Decolourise
Decolourise
Pass the syrup through granular activated carbon to remove the colour.
Bahan untuk langkah ini:
Karbon teraktif berbutir1 as required5
5
Boil and crystallise
Boil and crystallise
Concentrate the syrup by boiling, then cool it and seed it with sugar crystals so the sugar crystallises out.
Alatan diperlukan:
Kuali masak gula6
6
Spin and dry
Spin and dry
Spin the liquor off in a centrifuge and dry the white crystals in hot air. The surplus liquor is made into refiners' molasses.
Alatan diperlukan:
Pengempar gula
Pengering udara panasBahan
5- 1 as requiredPemegang Tempat
- 1 as requiredPemegang Tempat
- 1 as requiredPemegang Tempat
- 1 as requiredPemegang Tempat
- 1 as requiredPemegang Tempat
Alatan Diperlukan
5- Pemegang Tempat
- Pemegang Tempat
- Pemegang Tempat
- Pemegang Tempat
- Pemegang Tempat
Blueprint ini membuat
Blueprint berkaitan
Blueprint ini berkongsi pengetahuan — teknik, bahan atau prinsip
CC0 Domain Awam
Blueprint ini dikeluarkan di bawah CC0. Anda bebas menyalin, mengubah, mengedar, dan menggunakan karya ini untuk sebarang tujuan, tanpa meminta kebenaran.
Sokong Pembuat dengan membeli produk melalui Blueprint mereka di mana mereka memperoleh Komisen Pembuat ditetapkan oleh Penjual, atau cipta iterasi baru Blueprint ini dan sertakan ia sebagai sambungan dalam Blueprint anda sendiri untuk berkongsi hasil.