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The Wet-and-Dry Bulb Psychrometer
Humidity is the hardest common quantity to measure and the easiest to measure badly. Hair hygrometers drift, electronic sensors need calibrating against something, and neither tells you what you usually want to know — will it condense, and will anything dry.
The psychrometer sidesteps all of it. Two identical thermometers hang side by side; one has a wet muslin sleeve. Water evaporating from that sleeve takes heat away, so the wet bulb reads LOWER, and how much lower depends only on how readily the air will accept more water. Dry air cools it a lot. Saturated air cools it not at all.
The instrument measures nothing but two temperatures, and from them you get relative humidity, dew point, and the drying power of the air — the numbers behind the food dehydrator, the timber store and every question about mould.
Pertengahan
4 hours
Arahan
1
1
Use two thermometers and prove they agree
Use two thermometers and prove they agree
Hang two thermometers side by side, both dry, and read them together several times over an hour. Note any constant difference.
The whole measurement is a DIFFERENCE of a few degrees, so a half-degree disagreement between the instruments is a large error in the answer. Record the offset and apply it. If they disagree by more than about half a degree, calibrate both against ice before going further — this is one of the rare cases where matching matters more than absolute accuracy.
Bahan untuk langkah ini:
Termometer2 keping2
2
Sleeve one bulb, and keep the wick short
Sleeve one bulb, and keep the wick short
Fit a close single layer of clean muslin over one bulb and lead a short wick from it into a small reservoir of DISTILLED water, positioned below and to the side so it does not shade or warm the bulb.
Tap water leaves mineral deposits that stiffen the muslin and stop it wetting, and a dirty or crusted sleeve reads too high — it under-reports the humidity deficit. Keep the wick short: a long one lets the water warm to air temperature before it arrives, which it should. Replace the muslin every few weeks.
Bahan untuk langkah ini:
Kain Muslin Kapas1 metre
Air Suling1 liter3
3
Move the air past it, or the reading is wrong
Move the air past it, or the reading is wrong
The wet bulb must have air moving over it at about 3 metres per second — either whirl it on a sling, or put a small fan behind it.
In still air the sleeve builds a saturated layer around itself, evaporation slows and the depression is too small, so you report the air as more humid than it is. A sling psychrometer whirled for a minute and read immediately, twice, is the traditional answer and still the most reliable one available without power.
Alatan diperlukan:
Jam Randik4
4
Read wet first, and read fast
Read wet first, and read fast
Stop whirling and read the WET bulb immediately, then the dry one. The wet bulb starts climbing back the moment the air stops moving.
Read the same way every time. And if the wet bulb ever reads HIGHER than the dry one, something is wrong — the sleeve is dry, the reservoir is empty, or the thermometers are swapped in your notes. A negative depression is physically impossible, so it is always a fault and never a measurement.
5
5
From two temperatures to humidity and dew point
From two temperatures to humidity and dew point
Memuatkan buku nota Jupyter…
6
6
Know where it stops working
Know where it stops working
Below freezing the sleeve ices up and the calculation changes — you are then measuring over ice, not water, and must use the ice formula.
Near saturation the depression shrinks to a few tenths of a degree and your reading error swamps it, so a psychrometer cannot distinguish 96 per cent from 99. That matters, because the difference between those two decides whether mould grows. For that question use a different method, and know which questions your instrument can honestly answer.
Bahan
3- 2 kepingPemegang Tempat
- 1 metrePemegang Tempat
- 1 literPemegang Tempat
Alatan Diperlukan
1- Pemegang Tempat
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