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Tin Oxide: Tin Burnt in an Open Iron Pot
Ondřej Mangl (Wikimedia Commons) · Public domain
Charlie

Dicipta oleh

Charlie

14. Oktober 2026DE
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Tin Oxide: Tin Burnt in an Open Iron Pot

Tin oxide is made by burning tin in air: melted tin in an open pot slowly turns to a white powder. Andrew Ure (1839) describes the enamel makers' way, with a lead-tin alloy in a flat iron pot, the powder raked aside as it forms, then ground and washed fine. Done with pure tin it gives the milky white oxide used in glazes, opal glass and polishing. The picture: tin(IV) oxide powder on a watch glass.
Pertengahan
A day

Arahan

1

Melt the tin in an open pot

Melt the tin in a flat cast-iron pot over a charcoal fire. Leave the pot open to the air.

Bahan untuk langkah ini:

Jongkong timahJongkong timah1 kg
ArangArang1 as required

Alatan diperlukan:

Neraca dua piringNeraca dua piring
Periuk lebur besi tuangPeriuk lebur besi tuang
Relau ArangRelau Arang
PenyepitPenyepit
Sarung Tangan Tahan HabaSarung Tangan Tahan Haba
2

Burn it, rake the powder aside

Raise the heat towards a dull red and keep stirring the surface. Rake the white crust to the sides as it forms, as Ure describes, and add tin as it is used up. Keep the heat as low as will do: Ure warns that too strong a fire fuses the powder and makes it hard to grind.

Alatan diperlukan:

Periuk lebur besi tuangPeriuk lebur besi tuang
Penggaru besiPenggaru besi
Penyenduk berlubangPenyenduk berlubang
Sarung Tangan Tahan HabaSarung Tangan Tahan Haba
3

Pick out the metal

Let the powder cool. Sift it and pick out any beads of tin; Ure: no metal may be left in the oxide. Melt the beads back in.

Alatan diperlukan:

Ayak HalusAyak Halus
Gogal Percikan KimiaGogal Percikan Kimia
4

Grind and wash

Grind the powder fine with water. Stir it up in a bucket of water, let the coarse part settle for a moment and pour off the milky water; let the fine part settle out of that, as Ure washed his. Dry it in a dish and store it closed.

Bahan untuk langkah ini:

AirAir10 liter

Alatan diperlukan:

Lesung dan AluLesung dan Alu
Penggiling tanganPenggiling tangan
BaldiBaldi
Piring PenyejatPiring Penyejat
Balang KacaBalang Kaca
5

Tin to oxide

Memuatkan buku nota Jupyter…
6

Limits

Burning tin in air is how tin oxide is made (Wikipedia); the pot, raking, low heat and washing are Ure's practice for the lead-tin calx of enamel makers, used here with pure tin by our choice. Tin oxidises more slowly than Ure's lead-rich alloy, so allow time.

Bahan

3
  • 1
    Jongkong timah
    1 kg
    Pemegang Tempat
  • 1
    Arang
    1 as required
    Pemegang Tempat
  • 4
    Air
    10 liter
    Pemegang Tempat

Alatan Diperlukan

14

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