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Glycerin from Candle-Works Sweet Water: Cap's Process
The sweet water washed out of lime soap in the stearin candle works holds the fat's glycerin, with lime and fatty traces. Cap's process, given in Muspratt's Chemistry (1860), turns it into glycerin: the lime is thrown down as sulfate with sulfuric acid, the liquor is boiled down out of contact with the air, neutralised with chalk, filtered, cleared with bone black and concentrated to a colourless syrup of about 51° Twaddell.
Ilọsíwájú
Several days
Ìlànà
1
1
Boil down the sweet water
Boil down the sweet water
Reduce the glycerin water drawn off from the lime soap by evaporation over a fire.
Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:
Omi gilísẹ́rọ̀lù1 as required
Èédú òkúta bituminous1 as requiredÀwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Agbada ìyọ̀ omi kúrò
Ìléru bíríkì2
2
Find how much lime it holds
Find how much lime it holds
Measure out a known volume, precipitate its lime with oxalate of ammonia, collect the precipitate, dry it, burn it and weigh it. From that, work out how much sulfuric acid will just combine with all the lime.
Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Ammonium oxalate
Bébà Ìsẹ́
Ìkòkò Amọ̀ Tí Ń Kojú Iná
Òǹwọ̀n ìdọ́gba3
3
Throw the lime down with sulfuric acid
Throw the lime down with sulfuric acid
Add that amount of sulfuric acid. Sulfate of lime falls. Let it settle and decant the clear liquid into another vessel.
Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:
Sulfuric acid1 as requiredÀwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Ọpọ́n igi ńlá
Gílásì Ààbò Fún Ìfọ́n Kẹ́míkà
Ìbọ̀wọ́ rọ́bà4
4
Boil it out of contact with air, to 14° Twaddell
Boil it out of contact with air, to 14° Twaddell
Boil the liquid in a covered vessel, kept stirred, so the air cannot reach it. The boiling drives off volatile fatty impurities and the liquid loses colour and smell. At 14° Twaddell let it cool: more sulfate of lime falls.
Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:
Èédú òkúta bituminous1 as requiredÀwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Ọpọ́n igi ńlá
Ọ̀pá ìrú igiÌléru bíríkì
Òǹwọ̀n ìwúwo omi5
5
Neutralise any excess acid with chalk
Neutralise any excess acid with chalk
Test with litmus. If the liquid is acid, add powdered chalk or limestone a little at a time until it is neutral.
Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:
Kábónéètì Kalisiọ̀mù - Òkúta Ẹfun Fífọ́1 as requiredÀwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Bébà litmusỌ̀pá ìrú igi6
6
Boil on to 37.5° and filter
Boil on to 37.5° and filter
Boil again out of contact with air, stirring actively, to 37.5° Twaddell. Collect the sulfate and carbonate of lime on a filter.
Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:
Èédú òkúta bituminous1 as requiredÀwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Ọpọ́n igi ńláỌ̀pá ìrú igiÌléru bíríkìÒǹwọ̀n ìwúwo omi
Asẹ́7
7
Reduce to 49°, filtering again if needed
Reduce to 49°, filtering again if needed
Evaporate the filtrate, keeping it well agitated, until on cooling it marks 49° Twaddell. If more sulfate of lime falls, filter again.
Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:
Èédú òkúta bituminous1 as requiredÀwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Agbada ìyọ̀ omi kúròÌléru bíríkìÒǹwọ̀n ìwúwo omiAsẹ́8
8
Clear it through bone black
Clear it through bone black
Pass it through washed animal charcoal (bone black) to take out the tinge. It comes through as a colourless solution of about 45° Twaddell.
Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Dúdú egungunAsẹ́9
9
Concentrate to 51° Twaddell
Concentrate to 51° Twaddell
Concentrate it carefully, driving off about a quarter of its weight of water, until the syrupy liquid reads 51.2° Twaddell. Store it closed.
Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:
Èédú òkúta bituminous1 as requiredÀwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Agbada ìyọ̀ omi kúròÌléru bíríkìÒǹwọ̀n ìwúwo omi10
10
Cap's readings as specific gravity
Cap's readings as specific gravity
Ń ṣí ìwé Jupyter…
11
11
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Glycerin troubleshooting.
Flow
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12
12
History and honest limits
History and honest limits
Muspratt (1860) gives Cap's process alongside the older lead-plaster method (olive oil and litharge, the lead removed with hydrogen sulfide). He quotes Wilson that Cap's glycerin, though better than the old product, is not absolutely pure. Bone black is used here as a filter that clears the colour; it is not part of the glycerin. The Twaddell-to-specific-gravity conversion is the standard definition of the scale.
Àwọn ohun-èlò
4- 1 as requiredÀyè
- 1 as requiredÀyè
- 1 as requiredÀyè
- 1 as requiredÀyè
Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tó nílò
14- Àyè
- Àyè
- Àyè
- Àyè
- Àyè
- Àyè
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