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ÀWỌN OHUN WÍWỌ̀
Phthalic Anhydride by Air Oxidation of Naphthalene: Gibbs and Conover, 1918
Harry D. Gibbs and Courtney Conover patented this in 1918, US 1,285,117 (filed 1917), and dedicated it to the public. Phthalic anhydride had been made by oxidising naphthalene with sulphuric acid in the presence of mercury sulphate; they used air instead. Naphthalene vapour mixed with plenty of air is passed over finely divided oxides of vanadium at 350–550 °C, and the phthalic anhydride formed is condensed and separated by fractional sublimation.
Ilọsíwájú
Works process
Ìlànà
1
1
Melt and vaporise the naphthalene
Melt and vaporise the naphthalene
Melt the naphthalene and let it flow continuously, at a measured rate, into a heated chamber where it is volatilised.
Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:
Náfítálíìnì1 as requiredÀwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Ìkòkò ìyọ́ ti irin ìdà
Iyàrá ìsọdèéfín
Ẹ̀rọ Ìwọ̀n Ooru2
2
Mix the vapour with air
Mix the vapour with air
Mix the naphthalene vapour with air in excess of the amount needed to oxidise it to phthalic anhydride, preferably at least four times the amount theoretically required.
Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Ẹ̀rọ afẹ́fẹ́Iyàrá ìsọdèéfín3
3
Pass it over vanadium oxide at 350–550 °C
Pass it over vanadium oxide at 350–550 °C
Pass the mixture into a reaction chamber kept at 350–550 °C, preferably 500 °C. There it is forced into close contact with oxides of vanadium in the form of a fine powder, supported on trays, with baffle plates forcing the gas current through it. Keep the gases under pressure only sufficient to make them flow continuously through the chamber. The naphthalene is oxidised to phthalic anhydride, with carbon dioxide and water.
Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Iyàrá kátálísì oní-àwo
Ọ́ksáídì fánádíọ̀mù
PirómítàẸ̀rọ afẹ́fẹ́4
4
Condense the products
Condense the products
Condense the products of the reaction, phthalic anhydride with small portions of other oxidation products of naphthalene, together with the unchanged naphthalene.
Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Iyàrá ìsọdomi èéfín5
5
Separate by fractional sublimation
Separate by fractional sublimation
Separate the phthalic anhydride from the other oxidation products and the unchanged naphthalene by fractional sublimation.
Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Ohun èlò ìsọdèéfín-tààràẸ̀rọ Ìwọ̀n Ooru6
6
How much air
How much air
Ń ṣí ìwé Jupyter…
Àwọn ohun-èlò
1- 1 as requiredÀyè
Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tó nílò
9- Àyè
- Àyè
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