IṢẸ́ ỌNÀ
ẸWÀ ÀTI ÌLERA
IṢẸ́ ỌWỌ́
ÀṢÀ ÀTI ÌTÀN
ÌṢERÉ
ÀYÍKÁ
OÚNJẸ ÀTI OHUN MÍMU
REVERSE ENGINEERING
SÁYẸ́ǸSÌ
ERÉ ÌDÁRAYÁ
ÌMỌ̀-Ẹ̀RỌ
ÀWỌN OHUN WÍWỌ̀
Youblob (drawn after Fownes) · CC0
Potassium Sulfate from the Nitric Acid Residue
When nitric acid is distilled from saltpetre and sulfuric acid, an acid salt is left in the retort. George Fownes's chemistry manual turns it into potassium sulfate: dissolve it, neutralise it with crude potash and let the neutral salt crystallise. Potassium sulfate is what makes potash alum from alum shale.
Àárín
A day with cooling
Ìlànà
1
1
Dissolve the residue
Dissolve the residue
Break the cold residue out of the nitric acid retort and dissolve it in hot water.
Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:
Potassiọ̀mù bisulfate500 g
Omi2 lítàÀwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Òǹwọ̀n ìdọ́gba
Ago Gílásì
Pátákó Gbígbóná
Gílásì Ààbò Fún Ìfọ́n Kẹ́míkà
Ìbọ̀wọ́ rọ́bà2
2
Neutralise with potash
Neutralise with potash
Stir in crude potash a little at a time; it fizzes. Stop when litmus paper no longer turns red.
Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:
Potassiọ̀mù kaboneti (potash)260 gÀwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Ago Gílásì
Bébà litmusGílásì Ààbò Fún Ìfọ́n Kẹ́míkàÌbọ̀wọ́ rọ́bà3
3
Filter and crystallise
Filter and crystallise
Filter it hot, boil it down a little and let it cool. Hard, clear crystals of potassium sulfate form.
Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Kọ́nfù Gílásì Onípọ̀n
Bébà Ìsẹ́
Àwo ÌgbẹPátákó Gbígbóná4
4
Recrystallise
Recrystallise
Dissolve the crystals again in as little boiling water as will take them, and cool. Dry them gently: Fownes notes they crackle apart if heated suddenly.
Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:
Omi1 as requiredÀwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Àwo ÌgbẹPátákó Gbígbóná5
5
Potash to neutralise the residue
Potash to neutralise the residue
Ń ṣí ìwé Jupyter…
6
6
Limits
Limits
Fownes's method; the amounts are ours, from the reaction. Crude potash carries other salts, so a second crystallising matters.
Àwọn ohun-èlò
3- Àyè
- 1 as requiredÀyè
- Àyè
Ìtọ́nisọ́nà yìí ń ṣe
Blueprint tó jọra
Àwọn blueprint wọ̀nyí pín ìmọ̀ — ọ̀nà, ohun-èlò tàbí ìlànà
CC0 Àgbègbè Gbogbogbò
Blueprint yìí ti jáde lábẹ́ CC0. O lè ṣe àdàkọ, yí padà, pín, àti lò láìsí ìyọ̀ǹda.
Ṣàtìlẹ́yìn Olùṣẹ́dá nípa rírà àwọn ọjà nipasẹ̀ Blueprint wọn Ẹ̀san Olùṣẹ́dá tí àwọn Olùtajà gbé kalẹ̀, tàbí ṣẹ̀dá àtúnṣe tuntun ti Blueprint yìí kí o sì fi sínú Blueprint rẹ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìsopọ̀ láti pín owó-wíwọlé.