IṢẸ́ ỌNÀ
ẸWÀ ÀTI ÌLERA
IṢẸ́ ỌWỌ́
ÀṢÀ ÀTI ÌTÀN
ÌṢERÉ
ÀYÍKÁ
OÚNJẸ ÀTI OHUN MÍMU
REVERSE ENGINEERING
SÁYẸ́ǸSÌ
ERÉ ÌDÁRAYÁ
ÌMỌ̀-Ẹ̀RỌ
ÀWỌN OHUN WÍWỌ̀
The Soil Pit: Texture, Structure and What It Will Grow
A soil test, already published here, tells you the chemistry of a scoop of earth. It cannot tell you that there is a compacted pan at 25 centimetres stopping every root, or that the water table rises into the rooting zone each winter — and those decide far more than pH does.
The answer is to dig a hole and look at the side of it. A soil profile shows the layers, their colours, where the roots stop and why, and how the structure crumbles in your hand. Every one of those is read by eye and finger, with no equipment beyond a spade.
It is the cheapest diagnostic in land management and the most consistently skipped. An hour with a spade routinely explains a problem that three seasons of fertiliser did not.
Olùbẹ̀rẹ̀
1 day
Ìlànà
1
1
Dig a pit with one clean vertical face
Dig a pit with one clean vertical face
Dig down to at least 60 cm — deeper if you can — keeping ONE face vertical, clean and undisturbed, and stack the soil from each depth separately so you can put it back in order.
Work in the shade of your own body and face the light. Never dig a pit deeper than waist height without battering the sides back, and never work in a deep narrow hole alone: soil collapses without warning and a pit is heavy. For most questions 60 cm answers them.
Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Ọ̀kọ́ ìwalẹ̀ (ṣọ́ọ̀bù)
Ìbọ̀wọ́ Nítírílì2
2
Find the horizons by colour and feel
Find the horizons by colour and feel
Scrape the face lightly with a trowel and look for changes in colour and texture. Mark each boundary with a nail and measure its depth.
Typically you will see dark topsoil rich in organic matter over paler subsoil, over weathered parent material. Record the depth of each boundary and whether it is sharp or gradual. A sharp, flat boundary at a spade's depth is usually a PLOUGH PAN — man-made, not natural — and it is often the whole answer to a drainage or rooting problem.
Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:
Ìṣó tí a bò pẹ̀lú sínkì10 ẹyọÀwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Ọ̀kọ̀ ọwọ́ ọgbà
Okùn Ìdíwọ̀n
Ìwé Àkọsílẹ̀ Pápá3
3
Determine texture by hand, the standard way
Determine texture by hand, the standard way
Take a walnut-sized lump from each horizon, moisten it to a putty, and work it: does it stain the fingers, does it feel gritty or silky, will it roll into a thread, will the thread bend into a ring without cracking?
Gritty and will not roll is SAND. Silky and rolls a little is SILT. Sticky, polishes when rubbed and rolls into a ring is CLAY. This hand texturing is the field standard worldwide and an experienced hand matches laboratory results closely — the notebook gives the full decision sequence.
Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:
Omi Àyọ́1 lítàÀwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Ìwé Àkọsílẹ̀ Pápá4
4
Read the roots, and the colours they sit in
Read the roots, and the colours they sit in
Note the depth roots reach, whether they turn sideways at a layer, and whether they are fine and branched or few and thick.
Roots turning abruptly horizontal mark a barrier. Grey or blue-grey soil with orange mottles means water sits there for long periods and the iron has been chemically reduced — a record of waterlogging that persists even in a dry summer. The plants have already surveyed the soil for you; the pit lets you read their answer.
Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Dígí ÌgbégaÌwé Àkọsílẹ̀ Pápá5
5
Texture, water and what will actually grow
Texture, water and what will actually grow
Ń ṣí ìwé Jupyter…
Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:
Ìgò Gílásì2 ẹyọ
Òpó ìwọ̀n1 ẹyọÀwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Ìdíwọ̀n6
6
Fill it back in, in order
Fill it back in, in order
Return the soil in the reverse order you removed it — subsoil first, topsoil last — and tread it back firmly in layers.
Tipping the heap back mixed puts subsoil on the surface and buries the biologically active topsoil, and that patch will be visibly different for years. Photograph the clean face before you fill, with a tape in shot for scale: the photograph is the permanent record, and the hole is not.
Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Ọ̀kọ́ ìwalẹ̀ (ṣọ́ọ̀bù)Okùn Ìdíwọ̀nÀwọn ohun-èlò
4- 10 ẹyọÀyè
- 1 lítàÀyè
- 2 ẹyọÀyè
- 1 ẹyọÀyè
Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tó nílò
7- 1 vendor sell this, none ship to you yetÀyè
- Àyè
- Àyè
Blueprint tó jọra
Àwọn blueprint wọ̀nyí pín ìmọ̀ — ọ̀nà, ohun-èlò tàbí ìlànà
CC0 Àgbègbè Gbogbogbò
Blueprint yìí ti jáde lábẹ́ CC0. O lè ṣe àdàkọ, yí padà, pín, àti lò láìsí ìyọ̀ǹda.
Ṣàtìlẹ́yìn Olùṣẹ́dá nípa rírà àwọn ọjà nipasẹ̀ Blueprint wọn Ẹ̀san Olùṣẹ́dá tí àwọn Olùtajà gbé kalẹ̀, tàbí ṣẹ̀dá àtúnṣe tuntun ti Blueprint yìí kí o sì fi sínú Blueprint rẹ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìsopọ̀ láti pín owó-wíwọlé.