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Barium Ferrite Disc Magnet, Sintered at 1200 °C (Went, Philips 1956)
The dark grey ceramic magnet on fridges and in loudspeakers is barium ferrite. It is made from two cheap powders: one part barium carbonate to six of iron oxide, milled, fired, milled again, pressed and sintered. No cobalt or nickel is needed. This is Example 34 of the Philips patent. This iteration sinters at 1200 °C, where his rod held 1,400 gauss with a coercive force of 3,100 oersted.
Source: J. J. Went, G. W. van Oosterhout and E. W. Gorter (Philips), US 2,762,777 (1956). They pressed rods; the claim covers "a body of a desired shape", and the disc size is ours. The patent does not say how to magnetise it; our way is stated. Picture: ferrite magnets, Omegatron, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
Abantado
2 days
Mga Tagubilin
1
1
Weigh one part barium carbonate to six of iron oxide
Weigh one part barium carbonate to six of iron oxide
Weigh 39.5 g of barium carbonate (0.2 mol) and 191.7 g of ferric oxide, Fe2O3 (1.2 mol). Barium carbonate is poisonous if swallowed: ours, gloves and a dust respirator.
Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:
Barium carbonate (witherite)39.5 g
Ferric oxide191.7 gMga kailangang kasangkapan:
Timbangang panimbang
Gwantes na goma
Panala sa Hininga na P1002
2
Mill with ethanol for 4 hours
Mill with ethanol for 4 hours
Grind the mixture with ethanol in an iron ball mill for 4 hours. Let the ethanol evaporate, then dry the powder in a drying oven.
Mga kailangang kasangkapan:
Gilingang Bolang Bakal
Etanol - antas laboratoryo, 95 %
Hurnong pantuyo3
3
Presinter at 1000 °C for 4 hours
Presinter at 1000 °C for 4 hours
Fire the dry powder in air at 1000 °C for 4 hours (ours: in a lidded porcelain crucible in a muffle furnace). Let it cool.
Mga kailangang kasangkapan:
Muffle furnace
Krisol na may takip (porselana)
Sipit ng Krisol
Guwantes na Matibay sa Init4
4
Mill again for 4 hours
Mill again for 4 hours
Grind the presintered product with ethanol in the ball mill for another 4 hours. Let the ethanol evaporate.
Mga kailangang kasangkapan:
Gilingang Bolang BakalEtanol - antas laboratoryo, 95 %Hurnong pantuyoPanala sa Hininga na P1005
5
Press discs at 1.5 tons per cm²
Press discs at 1.5 tons per cm²
Press the powder at 1.5 tons/cm². The patent pressed rods; we press discs. Ours: a die 20 mm across, so about 4.7 tonnes on the punch (our arithmetic: 1.5 × 3.14 cm²).
Mga kailangang kasangkapan:
Haydroliko na pandiin
Hulmahan sa pagpindot ng disk6
6
Sinter 4 hours at 1200 °C
Sinter 4 hours at 1200 °C
Sinter the discs for 4 hours at 1200 °C in oxygen or in air. The patent's rod at 1200 °C: 1,400 gauss and 3,100 oersted.
Mga kailangang kasangkapan:
Muffle furnaceSipit ng KrisolGuwantes na Matibay sa Init7
7
Magnetise the discs
Magnetise the discs
The patent gives no magnetising method. Ours: lay a disc with its faces against the poles of a strong electromagnet, switch the current on, then off. Find which face is north with a compass.
Mga kailangang kasangkapan:
Elektromagneto
KompasMga Materyales
2- Placeholder
- 191.7 gPlaceholder
Mga Kinakailangang Kasangkapan
14- Placeholder
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Ang blueprint na ito ay gumagawa ng
Kaugnay na Blueprint
Ang mga blueprint na ito ay nagbabahagi ng kaalaman — mga teknik, materyales, o prinsipyo
Barium Ferrite Disc Magnet: Barium Carbonate and Iron Oxide Sintered (Went, Philips 1956)
ni Charlie
Industriyal
9
0
0
0
0
0
Mapanganib
Ferrite Toroid Core: Nickel-Zinc Ferrite Sintered at 1300 °C in Oxygen (Snoek)
ni Charlie
Industriyal
17
0
0
0
0
0
Ferric Oxide: Hydroxide Precipitated from Ferric Chloride with Ammonia, Then Heated
ni Charlie
Inorganiko
12
0
0
0
0
0
CC0 Pampublikong Domain
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