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Glycerin from Candle-Works Sweet Water: Cap's Process
Unknown (museum object via DPLA) · Public domain
Charlie

Nilikha ni

Charlie

13. Oktubre 2026DE
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Glycerin from Candle-Works Sweet Water: Cap's Process

The sweet water washed out of lime soap in the stearin candle works holds the fat's glycerin, with lime and fatty traces. Cap's process, given in Muspratt's Chemistry (1860), turns it into glycerin: the lime is thrown down as sulfate with sulfuric acid, the liquor is boiled down out of contact with the air, neutralised with chalk, filtered, cleared with bone black and concentrated to a colourless syrup of about 51° Twaddell.
Abantado
Several days

Mga Tagubilin

1

Boil down the sweet water

Reduce the glycerin water drawn off from the lime soap by evaporation over a fire.

Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:

Tubig na may glycerolTubig na may glycerol1 as required
Bituminous na uling-batoBituminous na uling-bato1 as required

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Kawaling pampasingawKawaling pampasingaw
Hurnong ladrilyoHurnong ladrilyo
2

Find how much lime it holds

Measure out a known volume, precipitate its lime with oxalate of ammonia, collect the precipitate, dry it, burn it and weigh it. From that, work out how much sulfuric acid will just combine with all the lime.

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Ammonium oxalateAmmonium oxalate
Papel na PansalaPapel na Pansala
Krisol na Luwad na Matibay sa ApoyKrisol na Luwad na Matibay sa Apoy
Timbangang panimbangTimbangang panimbang
3

Throw the lime down with sulfuric acid

Add that amount of sulfuric acid. Sulfate of lime falls. Let it settle and decant the clear liquid into another vessel.

Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:

Asidong sulfurikoAsidong sulfuriko1 as required

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Malaking batyang kahoyMalaking batyang kahoy
Salamin Laban sa Tilamsik ng KemikalSalamin Laban sa Tilamsik ng Kemikal
Gwantes na gomaGwantes na goma
4

Boil it out of contact with air, to 14° Twaddell

Boil the liquid in a covered vessel, kept stirred, so the air cannot reach it. The boiling drives off volatile fatty impurities and the liquid loses colour and smell. At 14° Twaddell let it cool: more sulfate of lime falls.

Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:

Bituminous na uling-batoBituminous na uling-bato1 as required

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Malaking batyang kahoyMalaking batyang kahoy
Sagwan na kahoySagwan na kahoy
Hurnong ladrilyoHurnong ladrilyo
HydrometerHydrometer
5

Neutralise any excess acid with chalk

Test with litmus. If the liquid is acid, add powdered chalk or limestone a little at a time until it is neutral.

Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:

Karbonatong Kalsyo - Dinurog na ApogKarbonatong Kalsyo - Dinurog na Apog1 as required

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Papel na litmusPapel na litmus
Sagwan na kahoySagwan na kahoy
6

Boil on to 37.5° and filter

Boil again out of contact with air, stirring actively, to 37.5° Twaddell. Collect the sulfate and carbonate of lime on a filter.

Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:

Bituminous na uling-batoBituminous na uling-bato1 as required

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Malaking batyang kahoyMalaking batyang kahoy
Sagwan na kahoySagwan na kahoy
Hurnong ladrilyoHurnong ladrilyo
HydrometerHydrometer
SalaanSalaan
7

Reduce to 49°, filtering again if needed

Evaporate the filtrate, keeping it well agitated, until on cooling it marks 49° Twaddell. If more sulfate of lime falls, filter again.

Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:

Bituminous na uling-batoBituminous na uling-bato1 as required

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Kawaling pampasingawKawaling pampasingaw
Hurnong ladrilyoHurnong ladrilyo
HydrometerHydrometer
SalaanSalaan
8

Clear it through bone black

Pass it through washed animal charcoal (bone black) to take out the tinge. It comes through as a colourless solution of about 45° Twaddell.

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Itim mula sa butoItim mula sa buto
SalaanSalaan
9

Concentrate to 51° Twaddell

Concentrate it carefully, driving off about a quarter of its weight of water, until the syrupy liquid reads 51.2° Twaddell. Store it closed.

Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:

Bituminous na uling-batoBituminous na uling-bato1 as required

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Kawaling pampasingawKawaling pampasingaw
Hurnong ladrilyoHurnong ladrilyo
HydrometerHydrometer
10

Cap's readings as specific gravity

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11

Troubleshooting

Glycerin troubleshooting.

Flow

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12

History and honest limits

Muspratt (1860) gives Cap's process alongside the older lead-plaster method (olive oil and litharge, the lead removed with hydrogen sulfide). He quotes Wilson that Cap's glycerin, though better than the old product, is not absolutely pure. Bone black is used here as a filter that clears the colour; it is not part of the glycerin. The Twaddell-to-specific-gravity conversion is the standard definition of the scale.

Mga Materyales

4

Mga Kinakailangang Kasangkapan

14

Ang blueprint na ito ay gumagawa ng

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Glycerol

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Kaugnay na Blueprint

Ang mga blueprint na ito ay nagbabahagi ng kaalaman — mga teknik, materyales, o prinsipyo

Stearin Candle Stock by Lime Saponification
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Stearin Candle Stock by Lime Saponification

ni CharlieDE

Organiko

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Ang blueprint na ito ay inilabas sa ilalim ng CC0. Malaya kang kumopya, magbago, mamahagi, at gumamit nang walang pahintulot.

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