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Equilateral Glass Prism: Sawn, Ground and Pitch-Polished
Frankford Arsenal, in F. E. Wright, The Manufacture of Optical Glass and of Optical Systems (1921), Fig. 77 · Public domain (US Government publication)
Charlie

Nilikha ni

Charlie

19. Oktubre 2026DE
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Equilateral Glass Prism: Sawn, Ground and Pitch-Polished

A prism splits white light into its colours, so its faces must be optically flat and its angles true. This is how the US arsenals ground prisms in 1918, as F. E. Wright recorded for the Ordnance Department in 1921: saw a blank from optical glass, rough-grind it on iron disks, set a batch of prisms in plaster, fine-grind, and polish on pitch with rouge. Wright's worked example is a right-angle prism; an equilateral prism has three 60° angles, made the same way. The picture: blocking prisms for rough grinding at Frankford Arsenal (Wright 1921, Fig. 77, public domain).
Abantado
2-3 days

Mga Tagubilin

1

Saw out the blank

Saw a triangular blank from a block of optical glass with a diamond saw, using kerosene as lubricant. Leave several millimetres extra on each face for grinding.

Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:

Salaming OptikalSalaming Optikal1 as required

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Lagaring DiyamanteLagaring Diyamante
GaasGaas
Digital na Kalibrador 6 PulgadaDigital na Kalibrador 6 Pulgada
Salaming pangkaligtasanSalaming pangkaligtasan
2

Rough-grind the faces

Grind one triangular end flat on a rotating iron disk with 90 or 150 mesh grit. Then rough out the three side faces at right angles to it, checking the 60° angles with an angle gauge.

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Bakal na Disk na PanghasaBakal na Disk na Panghasa
Set ng abrasibong butil ng silicon carbideSet ng abrasibong butil ng silicon carbide
Panukat ng Nakapirming AngguloPanukat ng Nakapirming Anggulo
3

Grind the ends in a batch

Wax 20 or more prisms by their ground ends onto a heated iron disk and grind the other ends together: 90, 150, then 220 mesh, then smoothing grit. Change grit only when the surface is free of scratches. Regrind to the set thickness.

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Bakal na Disk na PanghasaBakal na Disk na Panghasa
Set ng abrasibong butil ng silicon carbideSet ng abrasibong butil ng silicon carbide
Kandilang paraffinKandilang paraffin
Pagkit ng BubuyogPagkit ng Bubuyog
Pang-init na PlatoPang-init na Plato
Digital na Kalibrador 6 PulgadaDigital na Kalibrador 6 Pulgada
4

Block the prisms in plaster

Set the prisms face down in melted paraffin on a flat iron disk and coat their backs with beeswax. Clamp a ring round them, fill with plaster of Paris and a little Portland cement (10 : 1), and let it harden about 16 hours. Cut the plaster back 1/8 in from the prisms and give it two coats of shellac.

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Pang-init na PlatoPang-init na Plato
Kandilang paraffinKandilang paraffin
Pagkit ng BubuyogPagkit ng Bubuyog
Yesong Plaster of ParisYesong Plaster of Paris
Semento PortlandSemento Portland
Butil ng Pagkit ng BubuyogButil ng Pagkit ng Bubuyog
5

Fine-grind

Grind the block on a slightly convex plate with wet flour emery (the part that settles out of water between 10 and 60 minutes). After five minutes check with a magnifier: the faces should have an even velvet finish, slightly hollow by less than 0.001 in.

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Bakal na Disk na PanghasaBakal na Disk na Panghasa
Set ng abrasibong butil ng silicon carbideSet ng abrasibong butil ng silicon carbide
Lupang PampalakiLupang Pampalaki
6

Polish on pitch

Pour strained pitch with a little rosin 1/4 in deep on an iron tool and cut crossed grooves 1/8 in wide, 1 in apart. Press it true with a rouge-wetted flat. Polish the block with creamy rouge and water on the machine, usually 4–8 hours, running nearly dry at the end.

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Brea ng alkitran ng kahoyBrea ng alkitran ng kahoy
Dagta ng pino (rosin)Dagta ng pino (rosin)
Pulang pampakintab ng plateroPulang pampakintab ng platero
Makinang Pampakintab ng OptikaMakinang Pampakintab ng Optika
7

Test for flatness

Lay an optical flat on each face and look at the Newton colours in sodium light (salt in a Bunsen flame). Straight bands to the edge, or one colour over the whole face, mean it is flat.

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Patag na optikal (sanggunian)Patag na optikal (sanggunian)
Bunsen burnerBunsen burner
AsinAsin
Lupang PampalakiLupang Pampalaki
8

Free, clean, check the angle, repeat

Break the plaster away, clean the prisms with benzene and check each angle with the angle gauge. Correct by hand on a flat tool with smoothing grit. Repeat blocking and polishing for every face, smallest face first.

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

MartilyoMartilyo
BenzeneBenzene
Panukat ng Nakapirming AngguloPanukat ng Nakapirming Anggulo
Bakal na Disk na PanghasaBakal na Disk na Panghasa
Set ng abrasibong butil ng silicon carbideSet ng abrasibong butil ng silicon carbide

Mga Materyales

1

Mga Kinakailangang Kasangkapan

23

Ang blueprint na ito ay gumagawa ng

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Prisma ng salamin (magkakapantay ang gilid)

Free

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Kaugnay na Blueprint

Ang mga blueprint na ito ay nagbabahagi ng kaalaman — mga teknik, materyales, o prinsipyo

Optical Glass: Borosilicate Crown Melted, Stirred and Cooled in the Pot
Mapanganib

Optical Glass: Borosilicate Crown Melted, Stirred and Cooled in the Pot

ni CharlieDE

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CC0 Pampublikong Domain

Ang blueprint na ito ay inilabas sa ilalim ng CC0. Malaya kang kumopya, magbago, mamahagi, at gumamit nang walang pahintulot.

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