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Fructose: Invert Sugar Separated with Lime as Calcium Laevulosate
Fructose (laevulose) is the fruit sugar; ordinary sugar is fructose and glucose joined. Thorpe's Dictionary (1912) separates them: invert the sugar with acid, then stir lime into the ice-cold solution. The fructose comes down as calcium laevulosate, which hardly dissolves in ice water, while the glucose stays in solution. Carbon dioxide then frees the fructose. It melts at 95 °C and is sweeter than ordinary sugar.
The picture: our diagram.
Katamtaman
1–2 days
Mga Tagubilin
1
1
Invert the sugar
Invert the sugar
Warm a sugar solution with a little mineral acid to split it into glucose and fructose (invert sugar). Ours: dilute sulphuric acid, as required.
Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:
Puting asukal1 pirasoMga kailangang kasangkapan:
Malabnaw na asidong sulfuriko
Distiladong Tubig
Malaking Kaldero
Pang-init na Plato
Salamin Laban sa Tilamsik ng Kemikal
Gwantes na goma2
2
Remove the acid with baryta
Remove the acid with baryta
Neutralise the acid with baryta (ours: barium oxide) and filter off the barium sulphate. Make the invert sugar up to a 10 % solution.
Mga kailangang kasangkapan:
Barium oxide
Papel na panukat ng pH
Embudong Salamin na May Tangkay
Papel na Pansala
Timbangang panimbang3
3
Lime it ice-cold
Lime it ice-cold
Ice-cold, add 6 g finely powdered slaked lime to every 100 cc and stir, with the vessel standing in ice water, until the milky liquid turns creamy. The fructose comes down as calcium laevulosate; the glucose stays dissolved.
Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:
Apog na pinatay6 g per 100 mlMga kailangang kasangkapan:
Basong Salamin na Matibay sa Init
Dinurog na yelo
Termometrong Panlaboratoryo4
4
Filter and press
Filter and press
Filter through linen and press hard to get rid of most of the liquid.
Mga kailangang kasangkapan:
Telang linen
Pampigang de-turnilyo para sa tela5
5
Free the fructose with carbon dioxide
Free the fructose with carbon dioxide
Suspend the pressed mass in water and pass in carbon dioxide. Filter, then evaporate the solution under vacuum over sulphuric acid: anhydrous fructose remains.
Mga kailangang kasangkapan:
Gas na carbon dioxide
Distiladong Tubig
Embudong Salamin na May Tangkay
Papel na Pansala
Bombang panghigop ng hangin
Matapang na asidong sulfurikoMga Materyales
2- 1 pirasoPlaceholder
- 6 g per 100 mlPlaceholder
Mga Kinakailangang Kasangkapan
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