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MGA WEARABLE
PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)
On 6. April 1938 Roy Plunkett at DuPont opened the valve on a cylinder of tetrafluoroethylene gas, a candidate refrigerant, and nothing came out - though the cylinder still weighed full. Sawn open, it held a white waxy powder: the gas had polymerised by itself. The powder resisted every solvent and acid tried on it, did not melt like other plastics, and almost nothing would stick to it.
**US 2,230,654**, "Tetrafluoroethylene polymers", Plunkett, assigned to Kinetic Chemicals, granted 4. February 1941. Its first claim is two words: "Polymerized tetrafluoroethylene."
**Tetrafluoroethylene is explosive and is never handled outside a plant.** You build what the material is for: a hinged tilting ramp that measures the coefficient of friction of PTFE against steel, beside nylon, acrylic and steel itself.
Baguhan
3 hours
Mga Tagubilin
1
1
The rig
The rig
The whole rig: a 400 mm base, a hinged ramp with a steel strip on top, a prop under the raised end, and a faced sled.
2
2
Cut base and ramp
Cut base and ramp
From 18 mm plywood saw two boards 400 x 120 mm. Sand the edges.
Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:
Tabla ng playwud1 pirasoMga kailangang kasangkapan:
Lagaring Pangkamay
Ruler
Klamp na hugis-C3
3
Hinge them
Hinge them
Lay the boards end to end and fit the butt hinge across one short joint with 4 wood screws, pilot-drilled 2 mm. The ramp must lift from flat to 45° without rocking.
Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:
Bisagrang pinto1 piraso
Mga turnilyong pangkahoy4 pirasoMga kailangang kasangkapan:
Walang-Kableng Barena
Hanay ng Talim ng Barena
Set ng mga distornilyador4
4
Fit the steel counterface
Fit the steel counterface
Stick a 360 x 100 mm strip of mild steel sheet to the ramp's top face with double-sided tape. Wipe it with isopropyl alcohol - grease halves any reading.
Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:
Plantsang Malambot na Asero1 pirasoMga kailangang kasangkapan:
Salaming pangkaligtasan
Isopropyl Alcohol 99 %
Teyp na dobleng panig5
5
Make four sleds
Make four sleds
Saw four 60 x 60 mm plywood blocks. Face one each with PTFE, nylon, acrylic and steel cut to 60 x 60 mm, fixed with double-sided tape. Clean every face with alcohol.
Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:
Plantsang Malambot na Asero1 pirasoMga kailangang kasangkapan:
Lagaring Pangkamay
Kutsilyong pantaller
Pleka ng PTFE
Plantsa ng nylon (6/6)
Lapad na AkrilikoTeyp na dobleng panig6
6
Tilt until it goes
Tilt until it goes
Set a sled 100 mm from the top. Raise the ramp slowly, about 1° per second. Stop the instant it slides and read the angle finder on the ramp. Five tries per sled.
Mga kailangang kasangkapan:
Panukat ng AngguloRuler7
7
Load it
Load it
Repeat the PTFE sled with a weight taped on top. The angle should not change.
Mga kailangang kasangkapan:
PambigatPanukat ng Anggulo8
8
Angles into friction
Angles into friction
Naglo-load ng Jupyter notebook…
9
9
History & Context
History & Context
**What the patent specifies:** the polymer of tetrafluoroethylene itself, a solid insoluble in ordinary solvents. **Modern build (derived):** machined PTFE sheet against clean mild steel on a tilting plane.
Its first large use was seals and gaskets for the Manhattan Project's uranium hexafluoride plant, a gas that attacked everything else. DuPont registered Teflon in 1945; non-stick pans followed in the 1950s, and stretched PTFE became Gore-Tex. Its limits: it creeps under steady load, wears quickly without fillers, cannot be glued without etching, and above about 260 °C in use it begins to give off harmful fumes.
Mga Materyales
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Mga Kinakailangang Kasangkapan
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Mga design file
1Kaugnay na Blueprint
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