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Saw File: Three-Square, Forged in a Boss, Cut by Hand and Hardened (Ure, 1839)
The file for sharpening saw teeth as Sheffield made it by hand: a three-square (triangular) bar of cast steel, not tapering, forged in a V-shaped boss, its teeth cut one by one with a chisel and hammer, then hardened under a coat of animal carbon and salt and quenched in cold spring water.
Ure says saw files in particular should be hardened with the carbon mixture, so they will cut iron and steel.
Not given: sizes and teeth per inch.
Source: A. Ure, Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines (1839), File. Picture: our drawing.
Abantado
Unknown
Mga Tagubilin
1
1
Forge the blank
Forge the blank
Draw cast steel out square at the forge, then lay it with one angle down in a boss whose recess has two sides meeting at an angle, so the hammer forms one side and the boss the other two. Keep it the same size along its length (saw files are not tapered).
Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:
Asero ng krisol1 cast steel bar
Hindi alam na sukat1 pirasoMga kailangang kasangkapan:
Pandayan ng panday
Sipit ng Panday
Pang-ilalim na swage
Martilyo
Mabigat na maso2
2
Cut the teeth
Cut the teeth
On an anvil with a flat, even face, hold the file down with a leather strap over each end, the workman's feet in the straps like stirrups. Cut the teeth with a chisel a little broader than the file, sharpened to about 20 degrees, struck with a hammer of 1 to 6 lb. For single cut, run a fine file lightly over the teeth to take off the roughness; for double cut, cut a second set nearly at right angles to the first.
Mga kailangang kasangkapan:
Palihang bakal
Panaling Katad
Pait na pambakalMartilyo
Kikil na Pang-metal3
3
Cut the other sides
Cut the other sides
To cut the next side, lay the file in a piece of lead-tin alloy with an angular groove, so the teeth already cut are not spoiled on the anvil.
Mga kailangang kasangkapan:
Panghinang na lata-tinggaPalihang bakalPait na pambakalMartilyo4
4
Coat for hardening
Coat for hardening
Distil shoemakers' and curriers' leather refuse in an iron still and powder the bright coal left. Grind about equal parts by bulk of this carbon and salt to the consistence of cream with water and cover the file with it.
Mga kailangang kasangkapan:
Retorta na bakal
Asin
Tubig5
5
Harden
Harden
Hold the file by the tang in a fire of very small cokes, drawing it out often, until it is an even cherry red from tang to point. Plunge it straight down, quickly, into clear spring water as cold as possible.
Mga kailangang kasangkapan:
Pandayan ng panday
Kokeng metalurhikoSipit ng PandayTubig6
6
Clean and oil
Clean and oil
Brush the file with water and powdered cokes until clean and metallic, wash it in two or three waters to take off all the salt, dip it in lime-water, dry it quickly before the fire and oil it while warm with olive oil containing a little oil of turpentine.
Mga kailangang kasangkapan:
Kokeng metalurhikoTubig
Tubig ng apog
Langis ng oliba
TerpentinaMga Materyales
2- 1 cast steel barPlaceholder
- 1 pirasoPlaceholder
Mga Kinakailangang Kasangkapan
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