SINING
BEAUTY AT WELLNESS
CRAFTS
KULTURA AT KASAYSAYAN
LIBANGAN
KAPALIGIRAN
PAGKAIN AT INUMIN
REVERSE ENGINEERING
AGHAM
ISPORTS
TEKNOLOHIYA
MGA WEARABLE
Youblob (generated from this blueprint's notebook) · CC0
The Spool Valve: Steering Oil With a Sliding Rod
A pump makes flow and a cylinder makes force. Between them sits the valve that decides where the oil goes: to one end of the cylinder, to the other, or back to the tank. In almost every hydraulic machine that valve is a **spool**: a ground steel rod with raised lands, sliding in a bore with five ports — pressure, tank, two work ports, and a second tank.
Slide the spool one way and pressure goes to port A while B drains; slide it the other way and the roles swap; centre it and the ports are blocked or joined, depending on the spool's centre. The edges of the lands are orifices, so the spool also meters how fast.
This rung works out the metering, the choice between open and closed centre, and builds a transparent spool valve that shows the oil paths in coloured water.
Katamtaman
About 4 hours
Mga Tagubilin
1
1
Metering edges and the centre condition
Metering edges and the centre condition
Naglo-load ng Jupyter notebook…
2
2
Each land edge is a throttle
Each land edge is a throttle
The spool meters flow the way any restriction does. The embedded blueprint shows how flow through a restriction depends on its area and the pressure across it.
3
3
Build a clear spool valve
Build a clear spool valve
Take 150 mm of clear acrylic tube with a smooth 20 mm bore. Drill five 6 mm holes in a line along one side, 20 mm apart, and glue a hose barb over each: from one end, **T**, **A**, **P**, **B**, **T**.
3D-print a spool: a 10 mm shaft carrying three lands, each 12 mm long with an O-ring groove, spaced so that when the spool is centred the middle land exactly covers **P** and the outer lands cover **A** and **B**. Fit O-rings sized to seal lightly in the bore. A handle on one end, a stop on the other.
Connect **P** to a garden hose through a ball valve, the two **T** ports to a bucket, and **A** and **B** to the two ports of the double-acting cylinder, or to two clear tubes standing up so you can see which one fills.
Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:
Tubong acrylic (malinaw)1 piraso
Sari-saring Kabit ng Tubong PVC1 piraso
Sari-saring O-Ring1 piraso
Tubong Silikon2 metro
Balbula ng pagkontrol ng direksiyon1 pirasoMga kailangang kasangkapan:
Limbagang 3D na FDM
PETG filament
Walang-Kableng Barena
Hanay ng Talim ng Barena
Digital na Kalibrador 6 Pulgada
Baril ng mainit na pandikit
Balde4
4
The three positions
The three positions
Blockly Workspace
Loading Blockly workspace...
5
5
Run it with coloured water
Run it with coloured water
Add food colouring to a bucket feeding a small submersible pump, or tint the hose supply with a dye injector, so the flow shows in the clear bore.
Centre the spool and open the supply: nothing moves, and the supply hose stiffens — that is a closed centre. Slide the spool slowly one way: first a thread of colour as the edge just cracks open, then a full stream into **A** while **B** drains to **T**. Slide it the other way and watch the paths swap.
Then turn the middle land down on a second printed spool so that, centred, it leaves a gap round **P**: now the supply runs straight through to **T** at the centre. That is an open centre.
Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:
Pangkulay sa pagkain (tina para makita ang agos)1 piraso
Tubig20 litroMga kailangang kasangkapan:
Bombang panubig na isinasawsaw
Panukat ng Oras6
6
A valve that will not control the load
A valve that will not control the load
Directional valve faults, in the order to check them.
Flow
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7
7
Context and honest limits
Context and honest limits
Spool valves go back to the steam age — slide valves on engines, piston valves on locomotives — and became the standard directional valve of oil hydraulics. Their symbols and port letters (P, T, A, B) are now standardised, so a circuit diagram from any maker reads the same way.
**Honest limits.** A spool always leaks a little through its clearance, so it cannot hold a load for long; a check valve does that. Flow through the edges also pushes on the spool (flow forces), which is why large valves are moved by pilot pressure rather than by hand. The printed model with O-rings shows the paths, not the metering: real spools seal by a micrometre clearance, not by rubber.
Mga Materyales
7- 1 pirasoPlaceholder
- 1 pirasoPlaceholder
- 1 pirasoPlaceholder
- 2 metroPlaceholder
- Placeholder
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- 20 litroPlaceholder
Mga Kinakailangang Kasangkapan
9- Placeholder
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- 1 vendor sell this, none ship to you yetPlaceholder
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One Way Only: The Check Valve and the Bang It Makes
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TEKNOLOHIYA
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O-Ring Seal
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Paggawa ng Metal
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Hydraulic Accumulator
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Paggawa ng Metal
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CC0 Pampublikong Domain
Ang blueprint na ito ay inilabas sa ilalim ng CC0. Malaya kang kumopya, magbago, mamahagi, at gumamit nang walang pahintulot.
Suportahan ang Maker sa pamamagitan ng pagbili ng mga produkto sa kanilang Blueprint Komisyon ng Maker itinakda ng mga Vendor, o lumikha ng bagong bersyon ng Blueprint na ito at isama bilang koneksyon sa iyong Blueprint upang ibahagi ang kita.