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Tin Oxide: Tin Burnt in an Open Iron Pot
Ondřej Mangl (Wikimedia Commons) · Public domain
Charlie

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Charlie

14. Oktubre 2026DE
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Tin Oxide: Tin Burnt in an Open Iron Pot

Tin oxide is made by burning tin in air: melted tin in an open pot slowly turns to a white powder. Andrew Ure (1839) describes the enamel makers' way, with a lead-tin alloy in a flat iron pot, the powder raked aside as it forms, then ground and washed fine. Done with pure tin it gives the milky white oxide used in glazes, opal glass and polishing. The picture: tin(IV) oxide powder on a watch glass.
Katamtaman
A day

Mga Tagubilin

1

Melt the tin in an open pot

Melt the tin in a flat cast-iron pot over a charcoal fire. Leave the pot open to the air.

Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:

Tinggang lingoteTinggang lingote1 kg
UlingUling1 as required

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Timbangang panimbangTimbangang panimbang
Kaldero ng pagtunaw na kaeng bakalKaldero ng pagtunaw na kaeng bakal
Pugon na UlingPugon na Uling
SipitSipit
Guwantes na Matibay sa InitGuwantes na Matibay sa Init
2

Burn it, rake the powder aside

Raise the heat towards a dull red and keep stirring the surface. Rake the white crust to the sides as it forms, as Ure describes, and add tin as it is used up. Keep the heat as low as will do: Ure warns that too strong a fire fuses the powder and makes it hard to grind.

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Kaldero ng pagtunaw na kaeng bakalKaldero ng pagtunaw na kaeng bakal
Kalaykay na bakalKalaykay na bakal
Butas-butas na sandokButas-butas na sandok
Guwantes na Matibay sa InitGuwantes na Matibay sa Init
3

Pick out the metal

Let the powder cool. Sift it and pick out any beads of tin; Ure: no metal may be left in the oxide. Melt the beads back in.

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Pinong BithayPinong Bithay
Salamin Laban sa Tilamsik ng KemikalSalamin Laban sa Tilamsik ng Kemikal
4

Grind and wash

Grind the powder fine with water. Stir it up in a bucket of water, let the coarse part settle for a moment and pour off the milky water; let the fine part settle out of that, as Ure washed his. Dry it in a dish and store it closed.

Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:

TubigTubig10 litro

Mga kailangang kasangkapan:

Almires at PanghaloAlmires at Panghalo
Panggiling na pangkamayPanggiling na pangkamay
BaldeBalde
Platong PansingawPlatong Pansingaw
Garapong SalaminGarapong Salamin
5

Tin to oxide

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6

Limits

Burning tin in air is how tin oxide is made (Wikipedia); the pot, raking, low heat and washing are Ure's practice for the lead-tin calx of enamel makers, used here with pure tin by our choice. Tin oxidises more slowly than Ure's lead-rich alloy, so allow time.

Mga Materyales

3
  • 1
    Tinggang lingote
    1 kg
    Placeholder
  • 1
    Uling
    1 as required
    Placeholder
  • 4
    Tubig
    10 litro
    Placeholder

Mga Kinakailangang Kasangkapan

14

Ang blueprint na ito ay gumagawa ng

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Tin oxide (stannic oxide)

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