Para-Phenylenediamine: p-Nitraniline Reduced with Tin and Hydrochloric Acid (Thorpe 1913)

Para-phenylenediamine, C6H4(NH2)2, made as Thorpe gives it: p-nitraniline reduced with tin and hydrochloric acid. The pure base forms crystals melting at 147 °C. Source: Thorpe, Dictionary of Applied Chemistry vol. 1 (1913), Amines, after Hofmann. Unknown: the amounts, the conditions and how the base is separated from the tin. Thorpe gives none, so they are linked to unknown heads. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. Picture drawn by Youblob.