Gusembura divayi y’imitende — Inzoga y’imitende yo muri Mezopotamiya

Hitamo imitende yeze neza kandi yoroshye — uko umutende woroshye, ni ko ufite isukari nyinshi kandi byoroshye gukuramo isukari isemburwa. Kuramo impeke ukanda buri mutende cyangwa uwasatura. Ubwoko bworoshye nka Medjool, Halawi cyangwa Khadrawy ni bwiza cyane, ariko umutende wese weze urakora. Ukenera kg 2-3 z’imitende yakuwemo impeke kugira ngo ubone litiro 5-8 za divayi irangiye. Imitende irimo isukari igera hafi kuri 60-70 ku ijana by’uburemere bwumye — cyane cyane glucose na fructose, zombi zisemburwa n’umusemburo mu buryo butaziguye nta guhindurwa na enzyme. Ibi bituma divayi y’imitende yoroshye gukora kuruta inzoga y’ibinyampeke.

Menagura neza imitende yakuwemo impeke mu nkono y’ibumba isukuye ukoresheje umuhini w’igiti. Intego ni ukumenagura inyama z’imbuto burundu kugira ngo isukari ijye mu mazi. Ongeramo amazi ashyushye (atabira — hafi dogere 40-50 C) maze uvange cyane kugira ngo isukari y’imitende ishonge mu mazi. Reka uruvange rumare amasaha 12-24, uvanga rimwe na rimwe. Nyuma yaho, yungurura amazi ukoresheje igitambaro kiboshye cyangwa igitebo kugira ngo ukuremo ibisigazwa by’imitende bifite imigozi. Amazi avuyemo agomba kuba afashe, aryoshye kandi afite ibara ry’ikigina — uko isukari iba nyinshi, ni ko inzoga ishobora kuba nyinshi muri divayi irangiye.

Shyira amazi y’imitende ayunguruwe mu kibindi cyo gusemburiramo gisukuye — ikibindi kinini cy’ibumba gifite umunwa mugari. Imisemburo yo mu gasozi iba ku bishishwa by’imitende no mu kirere izinjira mu mazi ubwayo. Kugira ngo isemburwa ritangire vuba, ongeramo agace gato k’amazi asemburwa yo mu cyiciro cyabanje (uburyo bwari busanzwe mu kwenga kwa kera) cyangwa ureke ikibindi gifunguye ahantu hashyushye mu masaha 12-24 ya mbere kugira ngo imisemburo yo mu kirere yinjire mu mutobe. Pfundikira ikibindi buhoro ukoresheje igitambaro kugira ngo udukoko tutinjira, ariko carbon dioxide isohoke. Isemburwa rigomba gutangira mu masaha 24-48, rigaragazwa n’udupfunsi n’impumuro y’umusemburo.

Bika ikibindi gisemburwa ahantu hashyushye (dogere 25-35 C) mu minsi 7-14. Isemburwa rikomeye mu minsi 3-5 ya mbere — amazi azamura udupfunsi cyane kandi ashobora kubira akarenga. Vanga buri munsi kugira ngo hejuru hadakora igikonoshwa cy’umusemburo wapfuye n’imigozi y’imitende. Uko isemburwa rikomeza, uburyohe bugabanuka n’inzoga ikiyongera. Soroma rimwe na rimwe — iyo uburyohe bugabanutse uko ubishaka kandi amazi afite uburyohe bw’inzoga nke n’ubusharire buke, isemburwa rishobora guhagarikwa uyungurura maze ukajyana divayi ahantu hakonje. Kuyireka igihe kirekire bitanga divayi yumutse kandi ifite inzoga nyinshi.

Yungurura divayi irangiye ukoresheje igitambaro gito kugira ngo ukuremo ibisigazwa by’umusemburo n’uduce tw’imitende dusigaye. Divayi y’imitende ivuyemo ifite ibara ry’ikigina kugeza ku kijuju, ifite inzoga nke (akenshi 5-8 ku ijana ABV, nubwo divayi y’imitende ikomeye ishobora kugera kuri 12-14 ku ijana), ifite uburyohe buhuza uburyohe bwa karameli, ubusharire buke n’uburyohe bw’imbuto. Yinywe ari nshya — divayi y’imitende ntibikika neza nka divayi y’imizabibu kuko ikomeza gusemburwa maze amaherezo igahinduka vinaigre. Inyandiko za kera za Mezopotamiya zitandukanya divayi y’imitende nshya iryoshye (inyobwa mu minsi mike) na divayi y’imitende ishaje (yari ifite inzoga nyinshi ariko ikeneye kubikwa neza mu bibindi bifunze). Divayi y’imitende yavangwaga n’ibirungo, ubuki cyangwa sesame mu buryo butandukanye bwa kera.