Ubufatanye
UBUHANZI
UBWIZA N'UBUZIMA
UBUKORIKORI
UMUCO N'AMATEKA
IMYIDAGADURO
IBIDUKIKIJE
IBIRIBWA N'IBINYOBWA
UBWUBATSI BUSUBIRA INYUMA
UBUMENYI
SIPORO
IKORANABUHANGA
IBYAMBARWA
Barium Ferrite Disc Magnet, Sintered at 1200 °C (Went, Philips 1956)
The dark grey ceramic magnet on fridges and in loudspeakers is barium ferrite. It is made from two cheap powders: one part barium carbonate to six of iron oxide, milled, fired, milled again, pressed and sintered. No cobalt or nickel is needed. This is Example 34 of the Philips patent. This iteration sinters at 1200 °C, where his rod held 1,400 gauss with a coercive force of 3,100 oersted.
Source: J. J. Went, G. W. van Oosterhout and E. W. Gorter (Philips), US 2,762,777 (1956). They pressed rods; the claim covers "a body of a desired shape", and the disc size is ours. The patent does not say how to magnetise it; our way is stated. Picture: ferrite magnets, Omegatron, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
Hejuru
2 days
Amabwiriza
1
1
Weigh one part barium carbonate to six of iron oxide
Weigh one part barium carbonate to six of iron oxide
Weigh 39.5 g of barium carbonate (0.2 mol) and 191.7 g of ferric oxide, Fe2O3 (1.2 mol). Barium carbonate is poisonous if swallowed: ours, gloves and a dust respirator.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Karubonate ya bariyumu (witerite)39.5 g
Oxide ya feri191.7 gIbikoresho bikenewe:
Umunzani w'ibiro
Uturindantoki tw'ikawusu
Agapfukamunwa ka P1002
2
Mill with ethanol for 4 hours
Mill with ethanol for 4 hours
Grind the mixture with ethanol in an iron ball mill for 4 hours. Let the ethanol evaporate, then dry the powder in a drying oven.
Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Urusyo rw'imipira y'icyuma
Etanoli - urwego rw'ubushakashatsi, 95 %
Ifuru yo kumishaho3
3
Presinter at 1000 °C for 4 hours
Presinter at 1000 °C for 4 hours
Fire the dry powder in air at 1000 °C for 4 hours (ours: in a lidded porcelain crucible in a muffle furnace). Let it cool.
Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Ifuru ya muffle
Ikirundo cyo gushongeramo gifite igifuniko (porukorene)
Amakoro y'Icyombo Gishongesha
Uturindantoki twihanganira ubushyuhe4
4
Mill again for 4 hours
Mill again for 4 hours
Grind the presintered product with ethanol in the ball mill for another 4 hours. Let the ethanol evaporate.
Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Urusyo rw'imipira y'icyumaEtanoli - urwego rw'ubushakashatsi, 95 %Ifuru yo kumishahoAgapfukamunwa ka P1005
5
Press discs at 1.5 tons per cm²
Press discs at 1.5 tons per cm²
Press the powder at 1.5 tons/cm². The patent pressed rods; we press discs. Ours: a die 20 mm across, so about 4.7 tonnes on the punch (our arithmetic: 1.5 × 3.14 cm²).
Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Imashini ikanda ikoresha amazi
Ifumbiro ryo gukanda disiki6
6
Sinter 4 hours at 1200 °C
Sinter 4 hours at 1200 °C
Sinter the discs for 4 hours at 1200 °C in oxygen or in air. The patent's rod at 1200 °C: 1,400 gauss and 3,100 oersted.
Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Ifuru ya muffleAmakoro y'Icyombo GishongeshaUturindantoki twihanganira ubushyuhe7
7
Magnetise the discs
Magnetise the discs
The patent gives no magnetising method. Ours: lay a disc with its faces against the poles of a strong electromagnet, switch the current on, then off. Find which face is north with a compass.
Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Iroha ry'amashanyarazi
IkirangamurongoIbikoresho
2- Umwanya
- 191.7 gUmwanya
Ibikoresho bikenewe
14- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
Iki gishushanyo gikora
Blueprint zijyanye
Izi blueprint zisangira ubumenyi — uburyo, ibikoresho cyangwa amahame
Barium Ferrite Disc Magnet: Barium Carbonate and Iron Oxide Sintered (Went, Philips 1956)
na Charlie
By'Inganda
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Akaga
Ferrite Toroid Core: Nickel-Zinc Ferrite Sintered at 1300 °C in Oxygen (Snoek)
na Charlie
By'Inganda
17
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Ferric Oxide: Hydroxide Precipitated from Ferric Chloride with Ammonia, Then Heated
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Bidafite Ubuzima
12
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0
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CC0 Umurenge rusange
Iyi blueprint yasohowe munsi ya CC0. Ushobora gukoporora, guhindura, gukwirakwiza no gukoresha nta kwemererwa.
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