Bienewacisi - Ibiruzi bwa wacisi n'ubwikira kuva mu nzira z'inyuki

Beeswax ni icyuma cyireme kivuye ku mahigwa (Apis mellifera). Imigwi n'abakazi ifite imyaka 12-18 ibaruza icyuma gitinyuka kuva mu cyuma cya gatatu cyubwayo burinzira. Izo duto ndito zikurikirwa n'imigwi hamwe n'amashini yabo kandi ikoreshwa mu kuzimba imbuto z'ubwoya. Ingano y'icyuma kikarambiranywa ni 62-65°C. Beeswax ihubwo hagati yayo ahubwo imiceri, amafeti, n'inzira ndende z'impisi. Kugira ngo umusaraba 1 kg yicyuma, imigwi igomba kurya inyota zirenze 6-7 kg.

Amavuta y'imbuto ariho hose ni amavuta y'ubwoya bwo gukuramo inzira — inzira nto z'amavuta ariho hose ikomeza iyo umubazi akuramo ku mahoro yitwaye mbere yo gutsindagiza ubwoya. Aya mavuta ni amatangi, yitwaye neza kandi atakubaho ikintu kibi cyane. Iminyetso yimwe y'amavuta y'ubwoya ni ubwoya bwo mu mahoro (burr comb), mahoro arikoze kandi mahoro y'imera yarangiye. Mahoro y'imera arimo ibibimba by'ubwoya bwo mu mahoro kandi propolis, kandi akanitanga ubwoya bumubauko bunyuze mu mahoro. Itsembabwoko ry'ubwoya rikanitanga buri mwaka kilo 1-2 z'amavuta y'ubwoya bwo gukuramo inzira.

Iyo kuvanisha ubuki, ifremu z'inzuki ifite icyubaka hifashwa ifungurika na mpinga y'icyubaka cyangwa impinga y'icyubaka. Icyubaka cyavanywe cyikora mu gitabo cy'icyubaka cyangwa isahasi y'icyubaka. Ubuki bugacirira hasi mugihe icyubaka gikira hejuru. Gukusanya icyubaka ku gihanya gikera mu ndebe yimvugo. Ntacyo gutahura igihe kinini — inzuki n'udusesembutterflies bizavakoreza.

Inyasi ikoranwe ikurikiranye irimo ubwiyunge bwinshi. Shyira inyasi mu sisiwe nkuru kandi yemesha ubwiyunge bushure bushiru. Ubundi, suza inyasi mu maziga makaze kugira ngo ukure ubwiyunge. Koresha maziga makaze kuko maziga makoto akakora inyasi igashakika kuva kandi gukumira kuvanuka kwiyungu. Ubwiyunge bushuri bushobora gukoresha nkwirobwe rya shuri — byiza cyane n'ubwiyunge bushuri bwasunzwe, ariko rimwe neza.

Beeswax ntibanje gisubire mu moto utekanye cyangwa hejuru y'ikinini cy'ubuni - nta nkweti ni mpfu cyane kandi irashobora kwikira mu mahoro igihe (~250°C). Uburyo bwizeye ni gukoresha amazi (double boiler, bain-marie): Uzuza inturo nini igihe cy'amazi n'itatu hanyuma uyisiga ku kinini. Shyira inturo ntoya cyangwa ikinini cy'inzira y'imisire hejuru. Shyira nta nkweti mu kinini kirimo. Twikisha amazi mu kinini kiri munsi kugeza 80°C — nta nkweti ishira kuri 62-65°C. Ntibanje twikisha hejuru ya 85°C, nta nkweti izakira ku burara kandi itapfuye mu mahoro.

Shyira inyubako yiyimuwe mu gitara cy'inyubako mu mezi. Kunzesha neza kugeza inyubako irangire kunyubakwa kuri 62-65°C. Sumagura rimwe na rimwe n'umucupika wa nkoni cyangwa umucupika wa metali itakubagirana. Ntakoresha umucupika wa plastike — inyubako igwiranagisha cyane ku plastike. Mugihe cyo kunyubakwa, ibisemburera (propolis, ibigega bya cocoon, inzira zishize) bikunzira mu nzira y'inyubako. Ibi bizacikicwa mu ntambwe ijayo. Ntakaga inzira idahagaze.

Poeza ikanzu cya waski cyakubitse mu isigara ryimwe myanya nini kugira ngo uhure ibintu bitari bisanzwe. Ibikoresho byo gushiriza birashoboka ni gauze, isigara rya linini ryakera, cyangwa isigara ryinylon ryiza. Kumanika isigara hejuru y'indebe y'ubwiyunge kandi usigire hamwe na rubber bands cyangwa umutwe. Poeza ikanzu cya waski burundu kandi neza mu isigara. Atensi: Ikanzu cya waski kinezeza cyane. Kuva mu gato na guants z'umuti. Isigara izizira vuba — mahirire isigara ryesigaye niba ikintu cyacyo gikenewe.

Sunika inzira yashyizwe mu kugira ubwenge inyampundu na kunaviramo icya kabiri hejuru y'imvugo nshya. Iri gukira cya kabiri ritanga inzira yoroshye cyane. Naviramo inzira yashyizwe mu kugira ubwenge icya kabiri, igikira, mu mupu wa silikon utegetswe cyangwa mu mupu wa metali ugereranywe cyane. Imipu ya silikon ni inzira nziza kuko inzira ikoze irashobora gukurura neza. Eka imipu hejuru y'umwanya utambubuye, wibasiwe neza kugirango imipu ya inzira ikoze ivimbe neza.

Nyamusire icyubaka neza kandi neza – ntakwibuza mu kigo cy'ubuibwe nuko gutwika vuba gutera inzira. Mu mahoro y'indi nzira, urwego rw'icyubaka rwacukira 4-12 amasaha bitewe n'ubunini bwacyo kugirango risoze. Muviremo icyubaka cyakizwe neza aho washinzwe. Mu myubaka y'ikigina, shora neza impande kandi icyubaka cyumviremo. Icyubaka cy'icyubaka kireba pothe – impurity zikomeye zaherutse kumagara hose.

Munsi y'umuzinga w'isambaza wagiyeje ariko iyo imwe irinzira rikeya ry'icumu, propolis n'ibiceri bito byasigaye hasi mugihe cy'kunyeganyega. Wiruze neza iyi nzira hakoresheje umusyi cyangwa spatula kugeza icyazo kigira amabara ashira no ari arjani. Ibisigisigi bya kwiruza birashobora gucuranizwa nanone mugihe cy'kukinisha ikibazo. Nyuma y'kuwiruza, umuzinga w'isambaza ugomba kuba umwe kandi kazi n'amabara atheka cyangwa agashorora.

Nyundo nyinshi z'ubwenge irashobora kumenyekana na bino bikurikira: Ibara ni kirahure cy'amajyani kugeza ku nkubito (nyundo z'ibigori) cyangwa ntsia nyinshi (nyundo z'imyanya y'inzira). Ijambo rya menyere ari rya mwishyike. Iyo yanatswe, yerekeza granular fracture ifite intambara itarari (nta glassy fracture nk'aho paraffin ikorana). Nyundo nyinshi z'ubwenge irashobora gutsatswa n'umwiko wa ruoko hanyuma ikiya matte streak. Iyo itwika, itwika n'umuriro utangira kandi utakira mufu. Adulterations hamwe na paraffin irashobora kumenyekana nta menyere y'ubwenge na glassy, brittle fracture.

Kubika amavuta yigeze mu mahoro, mu mahoro ashyushye kandi mu nzira itdarkness. Beeswax nayo ntabwo ifunguka mu gihe cyo kubika niba ikizunguzangarishwe na none no poussière. Winda ibipande mu mpapali cyangwa inkweto z'inzira — ntakikoreshe plastike, kuko amavuta akaba aca sweat. Mu gihe kinini cyo kubika, inzira yenye ibara ryenyuma rimwe na rimwe ikora ku mpande (imitima itwa bloom). Ino ni inzira yibyizwa kandi ntabwo ari icyemezo cy'ubwenge — amavuta akaba akayoboye kwiyikiza. Ibyakozwe: gukora kandiili, cosmetics, wood polish, beeswax wraps nk'inyanda y'ubwiyunge bwiyunge kandi leather care.