Ubufatanye
UBUHANZI
UBWIZA N'UBUZIMA
UBUKORIKORI
UMUCO N'AMATEKA
IMYIDAGADURO
IBIDUKIKIJE
IBIRIBWA N'IBINYOBWA
UBWUBATSI BUSUBIRA INYUMA
UBUMENYI
SIPORO
IKORANABUHANGA
IBYAMBARWA
Bismuth: Sweated Out of Native Ore in Inclined Iron Tubes, the Schneeberg Way (Thorpe, 1912)
E. Thorpe (ed.) · Public domain
Charlie

Yaremwe na

Charlie

4. Ugushyingo 2026DE
6
0
0
0
0

Bismuth: Sweated Out of Native Ore in Inclined Iron Tubes, the Schneeberg Way (Thorpe, 1912)

The old way of getting bismuth from ore that holds it as the metal: heat the lumps just enough in sloping iron tubes and the bismuth, which melts easily, runs out of the rock into pots under charcoal. It takes 30-60 minutes a charge but gets only about two-thirds of the metal. Not given: the furnace temperature. Source: E. Thorpe, Dictionary of Applied Chemistry vol. I (1912), Bismuth, p. 458. Picture: Thorpe's Fig. 1, the furnace in plan.
Hagati
30-60 minutes per charge

Amabwiriza

1

Pick and break the ore

Sort the ore (7-12 % bismuth) by hand from the waste rock as far as possible and break it into pieces the size of a hazel nut.

Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:

Amabuye ya bisimuti kamereAmabuye ya bisimuti kamere1 12 cwt per tube charge

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

InyundoInyundo
Iminzani y'urubuga y'ingandaIminzani y'urubuga y'inganda
2

Charge the tubes

Load about 12 cwt into each inclined iron tube of the furnace, leaving room to stir from the upper end. Close the upper ends with iron plates and the lower ends with plates pierced with round holes. Under each lower end stand an iron pot holding powdered charcoal, kept gently warm by a small charcoal fire.

Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:

AmakaraAmakara1 powdered, in the pots and for the pot fire

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Itanura ryo gushongesha bisimutiItanura ryo gushongesha bisimuti
Akabindi k'icyumaAkabindi k'icyuma
3

Sweat out the bismuth

Fire the furnace with wood so that the metal flows easily. In about 10 minutes the bismuth begins to run into the pots, where the charcoal covers it from the air. Stir the ore now and then with an iron rod from the upper end; in 30-60 minutes the charge is done. 20 cwt of ore burns about 63 cubic feet of wood.

Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:

InkwiInkwi1 about 63 cu ft per 20 cwt of ore

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Itanura ryo gushongesha bisimutiItanura ryo gushongesha bisimuti
Uruti rw'icyumaUruti rw'icyuma
4

Rake out and recharge

Rake the spent ore (bismuth barley) out of the upper end into the tank and refill at once with fresh ore.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Icyuma cyo gukubura amakaraIcyuma cyo gukubura amakara
Itanura ryo gushongesha bisimutiItanura ryo gushongesha bisimuti
5

Cast ingots

Ladle the bismuth from the pots into moulds and cast ingots of 25-50 lb.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Akabindi k'icyumaAkabindi k'icyuma
Ikiyiko cyo gusuka icyumaIkiyiko cyo gusuka icyuma
Imbumbe yo gusukamo icyuma gishongeyeImbumbe yo gusukamo icyuma gishongeye

Ibikoresho

3
  • 1
    Amabuye ya bisimuti kamere
    1 12 cwt per tube charge
    Umwanya
  • 2
    Amakara
    1 powdered, in the pots and for the pot fire
    Umwanya
  • 3
    Inkwi
    1 about 63 cu ft per 20 cwt of ore
    Umwanya

Ibikoresho bikenewe

8

Iki gishushanyo gikora

Thumbnail
Agateganyo

Bisimuti

Free

53
0

CC0 Umurenge rusange

Iyi blueprint yasohowe munsi ya CC0. Ushobora gukoporora, guhindura, gukwirakwiza no gukoresha nta kwemererwa.

Shyigikira Umuremyi ugura ibicuruzwa binyuze muri Blueprint ye Komisiyo y'Umuremyi byashyizweho n'Abacuruzi, cyangwa kora verisiyo nshya y'iyi Blueprint ukayinjiza nk'isano muri Blueprint yawe kugira ngo musangire inyungu.

Ibiganiro

(0)

Injira kugira ngo ujye mu biganiro

Gutegura ibitekerezo...