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Anti-Reflection Coating
Katharine B. Blodgett · Public domain (expired patent)
Charlie

Yaremwe na

Charlie

22. Nzeli 2026DE
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Anti-Reflection Coating

Katharine Blodgett at General Electric, working with Irving Langmuir, learned to build soap-like films one molecule-thick layer at a time. Stacking just enough layers onto glass, she made it nearly invisible: light reflected from the top of the film and from the glass beneath cancelled out. **US 2,220,861**, "Reduction of surface reflection", Blodgett, assigned to General Electric, filed 16. June 1938, granted 5. November 1940: a coating whose "optical thickness … corresponds at least approximately to a quarter wave length of visible light" and whose refractive index is "intermediate" between air and the glass. **You measure the reflection a coating removes**, design one in a notebook, and watch quarter-wave interference happen in a soap film.
Utangiye
90 minutes

Amabwiriza

1

Measure bare glass

Clip the solar cell to the multimeter (DC mA). In a dim room shine the laser straight onto the cell and note the current. Then bounce the beam off a clean microscope slide, close to perpendicular, onto the cell. Note that current. Never look along the beam.

Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:

Ibirahure bya mikorosikope n'ibipfundikizoIbirahure bya mikorosikope n'ibipfundikizo1 agapaki
Solar Cell Mini - 350mVSolar Cell Mini - 350mV1 igice

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Icyerekana cya laserIcyerekana cya laser
Igipimo cy'amashanyarazi kinyuranyeIgipimo cy'amashanyarazi kinyuranye
Alligator to Alligator CablesAlligator to Alligator Cables
2

Mix a film solution

Stir 1 part detergent and 1 part glycerin into 10 parts water in a jar. Bend copper wire into a 60 mm loop with a handle.

Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:

Isabune yoroshyeIsabune yoroshye20 ml
Gliserine (y'ibimera)Gliserine (y'ibimera)20 ml
Insinga y'UmuringaInsinga y'Umuringa1 metero

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Icupa ry'IkirahureIcupa ry'Ikirahure
Agatsiko k'amafashiAgatsiko k'amafashi
3

Watch a film thin

Dip the loop and hold it upright in front of black card, lit by a window behind you. Colour bands slide down as the film drains; at the top a black band appears - a film too thin to reflect.

Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:

Ikarito y'umukaraIkarito y'umukara1 urupapuro
4

Fresnel, coating design, soap film

Gupakira ikaye ya Jupyter…
5

History & Context

**What the patent specifies:** a surface layer of quarter-wave optical thickness with a refractive index between those of the surrounding medium and the glass. **Modern build (derived):** measurement and design only - production coatings are evaporated in vacuum. Blodgett's stearate films were too soft to wipe clean. Alexander Smakula at Zeiss had developed coatings evaporated in vacuum in 1935; that durable route won, and today almost every camera lens and eyeglass is coated, often with many layers. Their limits: a single layer is perfect at only one wavelength, and coatings scratch.
Intambwe 5 - Image 1

Ibikoresho

6

Ibikoresho bikenewe

5
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