UBUHANZI
UBWIZA N'UBUZIMA
UBUKORIKORI
UMUCO N'AMATEKA
IMYIDAGADURO
IBIDUKIKIJE
IBIRIBWA N'IBINYOBWA
UBWUBATSI BUSUBIRA INYUMA
UBUMENYI
SIPORO
IKORANABUHANGA
IBYAMBARWA
Bone Ash by Calcining Bones
Bone ash is the white material left when bones are calcined: mainly calcium phosphate, generally given as Ca5(OH)(PO4)3, about 56% calcium oxide and 42% phosphorus pentoxide by analysis. It melts only at about 1670 °C. Its porous, high-melting structure makes it the classic cupel for separating silver and gold from lead, and it forms about half of the body of bone china.
Utangiye
Workshop process
Amabwiriza
1
1
Clean the bones
Clean the bones
Remove any meat from the bones, then degrease them.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Igufa1 as requiredIbikoresho bikenewe:
Icyuma2
2
Calcine
Calcine
Calcine the bones in a kiln. For bone china they are calcined to around 1000 °C (up to about 1100 °C), which removes all organic matter and leaves the bone sterilised and white; traditional bone ash was calcined lower, at around 800 °C. Most bones keep their cellular structure through calcination. Handle the hot bones with tongs and heat-resistant gloves, and let them cool before grinding.
Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Itanura
Igikoresho cyo Gufata
Uturindantoki twihanganira ubushyuhe3
3
Grind
Grind
Grind the calcined bone with water to a fine particle size, then partially dewater it.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Amazi1 as requiredIbikoresho bikenewe:
Isekuru n'UmuhiniIbikoresho bikenewe
5- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
Iki gishushanyo gikora
Blueprint zijyanye
Izi blueprint zisangira ubumenyi — uburyo, ibikoresho cyangwa amahame
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