Gutwika Rubber — Tekiniki ya Gutwika n'Okunga Latex

Ibiti bya rubber byakuremo mu mbegu bikeneye imyaka 6-7 kugira ngo bigere mu mahoro yo gukina (ibiti byakuremo mu giti cyimbere birahimba vite: imyaka 5-6). Pima umuzenguruko w'igiti kuri metero 1 uhereye ku nsi: ibiti bihambira ibigize isumishi iyo umuzenguruko ≥ 50 cm. Ubwoko bw'igiti buragomba kuva burufu, bumwe, kandi buta na soni z'ishize.

Inzira y'ikota ry'irinzi ifite imfuruka y'uko mwanya, ngufi, ishirwa ku ruhande rumwe. Shirisha inzira ku mahoro kugeza igihe igiciro gicika neza bitakumanura agaciro. Inzira y'ubwiyunge niyisobanuro nyinshi z'ibyago by'urwego rw'ubwiyunge — niba agaciro gicikwa cyangwa cicabwe aho kugira icyo gicika neza, inzira ikeneza kwishirwa.

Koresha icyabakira cyangwa imvua ifata kugucakanya uduce, ubwoya, n'ibice by'ubwoba bwamanutsa ku nzira zo gucakanya. Ubwoba bufite neza bufasha kubona inzira yo gucakanya neza kandi bibuza ibisungu kumagwa. Cyane cyane mu gihe cy'umvura, igiti ryinzira rihora rifite umwanda.

Ubwoya bwa mbere bwo gukakamura butangira mu burebure bwa mita 1.3 kuva mu nsi (umwanya w'urujijo). Ukwinjira mu S/2 scraping system (igice cy'imbere cy'umutwe), umurongo wo gukakamura warangira ariko 1/2 y'ubwoya bw'umutwe, ugenda kuva ibumoso kugera ku buryo, mu mwanya wa 30° muburyo bwa buhorohoro. Umwanya w'ukugenda kumwanya wunguka gurafasha amasangu y'amata gukunzira mu nzira yo gukusanya.

Koresha umurongo n'icinga kugirango umarike umurongo wa mbere w'ikorabuhanga ku mahigiro y'igiti. Umurongo w'ikorabuhanga wambukiranya 30° uherezo ku munsi wa cg gukoresheje inzira y'ibumuntu. Andika inzira y'itangiriro n'inzira y'impera. Umurongo w'ikorabuhanga utambukiranyije neza uzageza ku mazi meza gukora igiciro cy'amata gusa mu buryo butabangije mu muringo.

Ku nsonga nzira (icyend cya kuburyo), shyikitanisha inzira ya metari cyangwa ya pulasitiki ku muti. Shyikiza inzira ya seramike cyangwa ya pulasitiki munsi y'inzira kugira ngo wokore amamasi akayica. Inzira igomba guhama neza ku muti — agaciro k'inzira bizakagira amamasi akayica ku muti aho ari mu nzira.

Wibuka akambo k'ukwakira ukikarita n'akakondo kawe, shyira impande ku mwisho w'ibumoso bw'umurongo w'ukwakira. Kora akambo kugera ku nzira y'ukwakira kuva ku ibumoso kugera ku iburyo, gukora ibinini mu babi 1.5-2 mm — ukwirenze kugera ku mahiga y'alatekisi (igice cy'imbere cy'ibabi) ariko NOT kwinjira mu ntera y'ibiyobyindo (icyuma kitagira mahoro cyiza cyubwayo). Buri kwakira kuvanisha igice cy'ibabi 1.5-2 mm kiruta.

Mugihe cyo gukata mu bugari bwiza, amavuta yepinini yera yerabahuje arasohoka vuba uhereye mu murongo w'incupo. Niba ushaka ibiti bya kinini kigera kigira ibara ry'amajwi - wagate cyane, hamagara kandi uzunguruke. Niba amavuta yepinini atarasohoka - wagate nabi, ukeneye gukakaza iyindi. Zimba ku mbiche z'imyaka myinshi mbere y'uko witama ibiti bikunzira ikibuno.

Gukina rubber mu gitondo (3-6 AM) igihe ubushyuhe buri buke kandi pressure ya latex mu muti ari nini cyane. Latex irahagaze cyane mu masaha 2-3 yambere nyuma yo gukina. Ntakigire gukina igihe imvura yavuye — amazi y'imvura akagabanya latex kandi akageza kuri sida y'inzira y'ikina.

Nyuma yo gukubita, sap igiye pole pole kunyuza ubwiyunge bwa tap hanyuma mu gutter hanyuma mu nzira yo gukusanya. Igiti kizima gitanga 40-80 ml ya latex buri gihe cy'ikubita. Sap ihinduka igiye iyo proteyine mu latex igutandukanya kandi ihisha inzira ya latex — iyi nzira ifata amasaha 2-3.

Nyuma y'amasaha 2-3, ururema rw'ikusanya rukaruswa hanyuma rucike mu gikombe cy'ikusanya. Sunika latex yatindiye (latex yatizwe ku mwanya w'iyigisha) — iki ni latex cy'agaciro gato, kikusanywa mu buryo bwite. Ikusanya icike neza n'amazi mbere y'kubuyikurikiza. Latex irangwa gutunganya mu masaha 4-6 mbere yo ko iyatindiye mu buryo bwayo.

Ongeraho icyacyacye 1-2% cy'igisubizo cya amonyaki (NH₃) mu gitara cy'icyacyacye kugira ngo wirinde ko kitara vuba — igipimo cya 10 ml ya amonyaki/literi y'icyacyacye. Kinyuza neza. Kubika gitara cy'icyacyacye mu mahoro, wirinda amasanya y'ijambo ry'iyambere. Icyacyacye gifite amonyaki kirashobora kubikwa mugihe cya saa 6-8 mu mahoro y'indwi mbere y'uko ibishoboka bya gutunganya bikenewe.

Sisitemu y'uko gutumbura S/2 d/3 (ikoranabuhake mu Vieti Namu): gutumbura igice cy'ubwonvu, 3 iminsi/igihe (10 igihe/ukwezi). Buri gihe cy'uko gutumbura gicina 1.5-2 mm by'igikaramu. Igikaramu cy'igiti cyiyongera 2-3 cm/umwaka — niba uko gutumbura kinzira cyangwa inzira nyinshi, igikaramu ntikirashobora kugaruka kandi imusaruro rikenera kugira nka gikoresho.

Nyuma y'ikukundo rimwe, inzira y'ikukundo rya mbere iryo ari munsi yayo neza (mu mahoro 1.5-2 mm). Iyo inzira y'ikukundo igera ku burebure bwa 50 cm kuva isi, fungura inzira y'ikukundo nshya ku rundi rwacu rw'igiti (kugenda hejuru kugeza ku burebure bwa 1.3 mita). Ubwoba bwakera bukeneye imyaka 5-7 kugira ngo busube bukunze kugera ku kukundo kino gisubira.

Niba wumvise kandi wiyambaza urubabi rw'icyatsi c'igiti (reba igiti kinini gisohoka), hamagara gukunyuza ahantu haho. Ohereza impfu ya clay hamwe n'amazi ku nzira kugira ngo ikwirakire. Inzira z'uko bikunze bitera isibye mu gitwe cy'igiti kandi bikabagabanya ubwenge bwayo. Ino ni igihombo kinini cyane mu mahoro y'uko gucimba.

Ibiti by'ifu (rubber trees) bihunika amapapiro buri mwaka (Mutarama-Gicurasi mu Vyitani). Mu gihe cyo, guhagarika MUST gutakorwa cyane - ibiti bikeneye imbuto zose zo gukora amapapiro mashya. Guhagarika ifu mu gihe cy'kunywa amapapiro bigatuma ibiti kipfukamye, bigategeka kwandukwa n'imera y'ubwosi (Oidium heveae), kandi bigabihuriza imbaraga z'umusaraba mu myaka igera.