UBUHANZI
UBWIZA N'UBUZIMA
UBUKORIKORI
UMUCO N'AMATEKA
IMYIDAGADURO
IBIDUKIKIJE
IBIRIBWA N'IBINYOBWA
UBWUBATSI BUSUBIRA INYUMA
UBUMENYI
SIPORO
IKORANABUHANGA
IBYAMBARWA
Charcoal Air Furnace for Crucibles, Drawn by a Chimney
The chemist's furnace for melting in crucibles needs no bellows: a firebrick box closed on every side, air entering only under the grate, and a tall chimney to draw it through the burning charcoal. George Fownes (1856) describes it; a sliding damper in the flue sets the heat, from dull red upward.
The picture: a 16th-century assay workshop woodcut with wind furnaces, one on a tripod, for melting silver in crucibles (Deutsche Fotothek).
Hagati
Two days, plus drying
Amabwiriza
1
1
Fireclay mortar
Fireclay mortar
Mix fireclay and fine sand with water to a stiff, smooth mortar (our mix: about one part clay to one of sand).
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Ibumba ryihanganira umuriro10 kg
Umusenyi Muto10 kg
Amazi8 litiroIbikoresho bikenewe:
Indobo
Isuka Ntoya2
2
Ash pit and grate
Ash pit and grate
Lay a level firebrick base and build a low ash pit with an opening at the front. Forge bars from wrought iron rod and set them across the top as the grate, a finger's width apart.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Itafari Rirwanya Umuriro20 ibice
Inkoni y'icyuma gicuzwe2 mIbikoresho bikenewe:
Isuka Ntoya
Igipimo cy'urwego
Uruganda rw'umucuzi
Inyundo ifite umutwe utambitse3
3
Fire box
Fire box
Build a square box of firebricks on the grate, wide enough for a crucible with a hand's width of charcoal all round, and tall enough to cover it. Joint every brick thinly with the fireclay mortar.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Itafari Rirwanya Umuriro40 ibiceIbikoresho bikenewe:
Isuka NtoyaIgipimo cy'urwego4
4
Flue, chimney and damper
Flue, chimney and damper
Lead a flue out near the top into a tall chimney pipe. Fit an iron sliding plate across the flue as a damper. Close the top with a loose firebrick lid.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Umuyoboro wa shemine1 igice
Ikibaho cy'icyuma (gikubiswe)1 igiceIbikoresho bikenewe:
Isuka Ntoya5
5
Dry and first fire
Dry and first fire
Let the mortar dry for days, then light a small charcoal fire and raise it slowly over an hour or two so the joints do not crack.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Amakara10 kgIbikoresho bikenewe:
Uturindantoki twihanganira ubushyuhe6
6
Draught from the chimney
Draught from the chimney
Gupakira ikaye ya Jupyter…
7
7
Limits
Limits
The principle and the damper are Fownes's; the sizes, the mortar mix and the draught formula's working figures are ours. Charcoal fires make carbon monoxide: work outdoors or under a good chimney.
Ibikoresho
8- Umwanya
- 10 kgUmwanya
- 8 litiroUmwanya
- 40 ibiceUmwanya
- Umwanya
- 1 igiceUmwanya
- Umwanya
- 10 kgUmwanya
Iki gishushanyo gikora
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