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Europium: Oxide Reduced with Lanthanum Turnings at 1200 °C in High Vacuum, Metal Distilled and Melted Down (Ames Laboratory, 1956)
Europium boils far more easily than lanthanum. Heated with lanthanum turnings in a high vacuum, europium oxide gives up its oxygen to the lanthanum and the europium distils off, to be melted down into a tantalum cup under argon.
Result: europium metal, over 90 % yield; it melts below 900 °C and reacts quickly with air and water.
Source: Ames Laboratory, Semi-annual summary research report in chemistry ISC-757 (1956), section 3.1.3. Work at 1200 °C in high vacuum; europium reacts with water. Picture drawn by Youblob.
Hejuru
2 days
Amabwiriza
1
1
Make the charge
Make the charge
Turn lanthanum into turnings and mix them with europium oxide, 5 % more lanthanum than the reaction needs. Compress the mixture into the tantalum reduction crucible. The charge weight is not given.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Okiside ya europium1 one chargeIbikoresho bikenewe:
Lantani
Icyuma cyo kuca cy'itorero
Imashini ikanda ikoresha amazi
Inkono ya tantalum2
2
Reduce and distil at about 1200 °C
Reduce and distil at about 1200 °C
Hang the reduction crucible on a wire inside a silica tube, inside an induction coil, above a tantalum crucible standing in a resistance furnace. Pump to a high vacuum and heat the charge to about 1200 °C. Europium distils off (it is already volatile at 1000 °C) and condenses in the delivery tube.
Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Umuheha wa kwartsi yashongeshejwe
Itanura rya induction
Itanura rya rezistanse rya vacuum
Pompe ikuramo umwukaInkono ya tantalum3
3
Melt the europium down
Melt the europium down
Let purified argon into the system so the metal stops distilling. Lower the induction coil to melt the europium down out of the delivery tube into the tantalum crucible below. Keep it away from air and water.
Ibikoresho bikenewe:
ArigoniItanura rya inductionInkono ya tantalumIbikoresho
1- 1 one chargeUmwanya
Ibikoresho bikenewe
9- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
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