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Furan from Furfural Vapour and Steam over Zinc-Iron Chromite (Whitman, du Pont, US 2,374,149)
Charlie

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Charlie

31. Ukwakira 2026DE
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Furan from Furfural Vapour and Steam over Zinc-Iron Chromite (Whitman, du Pont, US 2,374,149)

Furfural carries one aldehyde group too many for most uses. Whitman passed its vapour with plenty of steam over a hot mixed zinc-iron chromite; the aldehyde group leaves and furan, a very volatile ring liquid, is caught in cold condensers. Result: furan boiling at 31-32 C, 85 % of the furfural converted. Source: Whitman, US 2,374,149 (du Pont, 1945), Example I. Picture drawn by Youblob.
Hejuru
1 day

Amabwiriza

1

Pack the catalyst

Fill the reactor tube with zinc-iron chromite pellets, 90 zinc : 10 iron, 3/16 inch. Whitman made it from zinc chloride, 398 g ferrous sulfate and 2170 g ammonium chromate, neutralised with 800 cc of 28 % ammonia, dried at 110 C and ignited 4 hours at 400 C.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Umusemburo wa kiromite ya zinke n'icyumaUmusemburo wa kiromite ya zinke n'icyuma
Itanura ry'umuyoboroItanura ry'umuyoboro
2

Reduce in hydrogen

Heat the catalyst in a stream of hydrogen at 450 C.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

HidorojeniHidorojeni
Itanura ry'umuyoboroItanura ry'umuyoboro
Igipima UbushyuheIgipima Ubushyuhe
3

Pass furfural with steam

At 425 C feed 1 volume of furfural vapour with 5 volumes of steam, space velocity 500.

Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:

FurfuraleFurfurale1 part by volume

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Inkono itanga umwuka w'amaziInkono itanga umwuka w'amazi
Itanura ry'umuyoboroItanura ry'umuyoboro
Igipima UbushyuheIgipima Ubushyuhe
4

Condense cold

Lead the gases through a condenser at 0 C and then one at -60 C to hold the furan.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Umuzingo w'ikondanseriUmuzingo w'ikondanseri
Umutego w’ubukonjeUmutego w’ubukonje
5

Strip, dry and fractionate

Strip the furan off below 70 C, dry it over calcium chloride and take the fraction boiling at 31-32 C. Conversion: 85 %.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Kloridi ya kalisiyumuKloridi ya kalisiyumu
Ikinyuza umwuka gitandukanyaIkinyuza umwuka gitandukanya
Igipima UbushyuheIgipima Ubushyuhe

Ibikoresho

1
  • 3
    Furfurale
    1 part by volume
    Umwanya

Ibikoresho bikenewe

9

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Furane

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Furfural from Oat Hulls Steamed with Sulfuric Acid in a Rotary Digester (Miner and Brownlee, Quaker Oats, US 1,735,084)
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Furfural from Oat Hulls Steamed with Sulfuric Acid in a Rotary Digester (Miner and Brownlee, Quaker Oats, US 1,735,084)

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